Congruence of individual cranial bone morphology and neutral molecular affinity patterns in modern humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Molecular Affinity

scholarly journals Development of a 3D polyetheretherketone structure that mimics the cranial bone morphology for use in cranioplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e29810313336
Author(s):  
Maria Dennise Medeiros Macedo ◽  
Claudio Orestes Britto Filho ◽  
Matheus Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Wladymyr Jefferson Bacalhau de Sousa ◽  
Thiago Caju Pedrosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Pore Morphology ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Porous Compact ◽  
Compression Resistance ◽  
Common Situation

Cranioencephalic traumatism (TBI) is a common situation in trauma hospitals and has become responsible for high rates of mortality worldwide. When the victim of TBI is affected by injuries to the skullcap with a need for grafting, problems regarding the availability of suitable and affordable materials eventually happen. In this study, a 3D structure of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) that mimics the cranial bone morphology for use in cranioplasty was developed. Samples of different formulations, in the form of round bars, were obtained through uniaxial compression, and porosity was controlled by the salt leaching technique. Then, the specimens were characterized in terms of pore morphology and distribution, surface roughness, compression resistance and cytotoxicity. Results exhibited high levels of similarity of the 3D strutures of PEEK to the natural human bone, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method in mimicking the morphology of the compact/porous/compact system of the skullcap (diploe).

scholarly journals Viable Mice with Compound Mutations in the Wnt/Dvl Pathway Antagonists nkd1 and nkd2

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 4454-4464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Tolga Çagatay ◽  
Manami Amanai ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Janine Kline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis

ABSTRACT Gradients of Wnt/β-catenin signaling coordinate development and physiological homeostasis in metazoan animals. Proper embryonic development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster requires the Naked cuticle (Nkd) protein to attenuate a gradient of Wnt/β-catenin signaling across each segmental anlage. Nkd inhibits Wnt signaling by binding the intracellular protein Dishevelled (Dsh). Mice and humans have two nkd homologs, nkd1 and nkd2, whose encoded proteins can bind Dsh homologs (the Dvl proteins) and inhibit Wnt signaling. To determine whether nkd genes are necessary for murine development, we replaced nkd exons that encode Dvl-binding sequences with IRES-lacZ/neomycin cassettes. Mutants homozygous for each nkd lacZ allele are viable with slightly reduced mean litter sizes. Surprisingly, double-knockout mice are viable, with subtle alterations in cranial bone morphology that are reminiscent of mutation in another Wnt/β-catenin antagonist, axin2. Our data show that nkd function in the mouse is dispensable for embryonic development.

Bone morphology patterns in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Citron ◽  
Elizabeth Yonko ◽  
Sobiah Khan ◽  
Erin Carter ◽  
Karl Jepsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Bone Morphology

Clash of signs: Putting bilingualism back into language evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Language Evolution ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
The Real ◽  
Multiple Languages

Research and thinking into the cognitive aspects of language evolution has usually attempted to account for how the capacity for learning even one modern human language developed. Bilingualism has perhaps been thought of as something to think about only once the ‘real’ puzzle of monolingualism is solved, but this would assume in turn (and without evidence) that bilingualism evolved after monolingualism. All typically-developing children (and adults) are capable of learning multiple languages, and the majority of modern humans are at least bilingual. In this paper I ask whether by skipping bilingualism out of language evolution we have missed a trick. I propose that exposure to synonymous signs, such as food and alarm calls, are a necessary precondition for the abstracting away of sound from referent. In support of this possibility is evidence that modern day bilingual children are better at breaking this ‘word magic’ spell. More generally, language evolution should be viewed through the lens of bilingualism, as this is the end state we are attempting to explain.

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