scholarly journals Endangered mountain gorillas and COVID‐19: One health lessons for prevention and preparedness during a global pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Gilardi ◽  
Julius Nziza ◽  
Benard Ssebide ◽  
Eddy Kambale Syaluha ◽  
Richard Muvunyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Mountain Gorillas ◽  
Global Pandemic

scholarly journals Epidemiology and impact of SARs Corona Virus 2 in animals and human health with one health concept: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372
Author(s):  
Edget Abayneh ◽  
Henok Goba
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Corona Viruses

Corona viruses infect many species of animals, including humans. Coronaviruses have been described for more than 50years but up to 2003, only two coronaviruses were identified to infect humans. From 2002 to 2003, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) affected more than 8000 people and caused about 800 deaths around the world. After a few years a novel coronavirus was recognized in September, 2012, later renamed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In December 2019, 2019 novel Coronavirus (nCoV), which is another public health problem, has emerged in the Huanan Seafood Market, where livestock animals are also traded, in Wuhan State of Hubei Province in China and has been the focus of global attention due to a pneumonia epidemic of unknown cause. The Corona viridae Study Group of ICTV named this novel Coronavirus as SARS-Cov-2. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus a global pandemic. The pandemic is ongoing and its study and further scientific works on it are still running and in conclusion a one health approached are required to combat this situation with an integrated effort of human, animal and environmental health.

scholarly journals Animal Reservoirs and Hosts for Emerging Alpha- and Betacoronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Ghai ◽  
Ann Carpenter ◽  
Meghan Herring ◽  
Krystalyn Martin ◽  
Susan Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

The ongoing global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has once again demonstrated the significance of the Coronaviridae family in causing human disease outbreaks. As SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in December 2019, information on its tropism, host range, and clinical presentation in animals is limited. Given the limited information, data from other coronaviruses may be useful to inform scientific inquiry, risk assessment and decision-making. We review the endemic and emerging alpha- and betacoronavirus infections of wildlife, livestock, and companion animals, and provide information on the receptor usage, known hosts, and clinical signs associated with each host for 15 coronaviruses discovered in people and animals. This information can be used to guide implementation of a One Health approach that involves human health, animal health, environmental, and other relevant partners in developing strategies for preparedness, response, and control to current and future coronavirus disease threats.

scholarly journals A new applied protocol concerning COVID-19`s pandemic control: “Outdoor Access Approach” remodel of living for ensuring better ventilation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 025-028
Author(s):  
Alidadi Nasser
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Global Pandemic

COVID-19 is a mucoso-respiratory highly contagious disease that has leaded to a tremendous global pandemic wide spreading throughout nations of all continents with successive waves of high morbidities and mortalities. However, several independent vaccine production projects are working ahead for combatting the pandemic, but it is obvious they cannot create a sufficient umbrella that could protect billions of humans in a short term. Indeed, the current approved protocols including frequent cleaning of hands, social distancing and covering face mask are disappointing for their claimed capabilities to efficiently control of the pandemic. As they failed to highlight the critical determining role of air refreshing into indoors that 90 percent of infected people at least involved in enclosed spaces. Instead, Outdoor Access Approach (OAA) can be promising according veterinary medical successful experiences in control of air-borne contagious diseases as control of highly pathogenic avian influenza to become a global pandemic (One Health integration). Along with the above-mentioned protocols. Adaptation of all aspects of ordinary life activities in human societies to guarantee an efficient fresh air flow into enclosed spaces and prevention of the most dangerous air stagnation in them is the core stone of the OAA. This article discusses practical suggestions to attain such situation which can provide a kind of symbiosis with COVID-19` infection major threatening.

scholarly journals Coronaviruses in animals and humans, COVID-19 pandemic and one health approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Mahesh K.C. ◽  
Shristi Ghimire ◽  
Namita Bhattarai ◽  
Santosh Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Virus World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus

Coronaviruses can infect several animal species including cattle, pigs, dogs, and cats resulting in diseases related to respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. In humans, coronaviruses generally cause mild to moderate illnesses of the respiratory tract. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which emerged during 2002/03 and 2012/13 respectively, caused severe respiratory illnesses in humans. In December 2019, a novel respiratory coronavirus, SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from Wuhan, China and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Owing to the rapid spread of this virus, World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic, which claimed over 300,000 lives by 16th May 2020. Data available so far indicate that COVID-19-associated severe illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths are more common in elderly above 65 years of age; in men; and in individuals with underlying health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be emerged from bats and likely involved certain, yet to be identified, intermediate animal host. Prevention and control of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and possible disease outbreaks in the future by other emerging and reemerging pathogens, requires efficient implementation of one health strategy that utilizes the expertise of human, animal and environmental health sectors.

Is the Rigidity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Motif the Hallmark for Its Enhanced Infectivity and Pathogenesis?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Spinello ◽  
Andrea Saltalamacchia ◽  
Alessandra Magistrato
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Medical Countermeasures ◽  
High Infectivity ◽  
Human Receptor

<p>The latest outbreak of a new pathogenic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is provoking a global health, economic and societal crisis. All-atom simulations enabled us to uncover the key molecular traits underlying the high affinity of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein towards its human receptor, providing a rationale to its high infectivity. Harnessing this knowledge can boost developing effective medical countermeasures to fight the current global pandemic.</p>

The Structural Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Hints for Inhibitor Search.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Leonardo Palese
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Substrate Binding Site ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Crystallographic Structures ◽  
Structural Aspects

In 2019, an outbreak occurred which resulted in a global pandemic. The causative agent of this serious global health threat was a coronavirus similar to the agent of SARS, referred to as SARS-CoV-2. In this work an analysis of the available structures of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease has been performed. From a data set of crystallographic structures the dynamics of the protease has been obtained. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the structures of SARS-CoV-2 with those of the main protease of the coronavirus responsible of SARS (SARS-CoV) was carried out. The results of these studies suggest that, although main proteases of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are similar at the backbone level, some plasticity at the substrate binding site can be observed. The consequences of these structural aspects on the search for effective inhibitors of these enzymes are discussed, with a focus on already known compounds. The results obtained show that compounds containing an oxirane ring could be considered as inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.

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