Low birth weight and its relation to physical fitness parameters in children: Its negative effect on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Victorino Souza ◽  
Franciele Meneck ◽  
Giovanna Pachele Parizotto ◽  
Maria Franco
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

scholarly journals Maternal and Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Birth Weight of Newborns Delivered at a Teaching Hospital of Dhaka City

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Sadia Afrin ◽  
Anisur Rahman ◽  
Afsar Ahammed ◽  
Shaila Afrin ◽  
Md Khalequzzaman Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Birth weight is the most important predictor of newborn health and survival and is associated with higher risk of infant and childhood mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the maternal and socio-demographic factors of low birth weight (LBW) newborns of mothers admitted at a teaching medical college hospital in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study. Interview was taken by face to face interview and was focused to obtain the information about maternal weight at onset gestation, before delivery, educational, economical status of family, antenatal care visits, maternal exposure to hypertension and anaemia. Data had been collected from interview and medical records. Results: This study revealed from multivariate liner regression analysis. In this model, birth weight had been considered as continuous variable and results had depicted the relationship of different maternal factors with birth weight. This study suggests that there were several factors which lead to LBW babies. The study shows ANC visits (p value 0.05), number of parity (p value .02) and hypertension (p value 0.02) had significant negative effect of on birth weight. Mothers who had taken less ANC visits, more chance of having LBW.Hypertensive mothers were at risk of having low birth weight babies than normotensive mothers. Number of parity was also found as a significant factor. Primi mothers were more prone to LBW. Conclusion: This study suggests that less ANC visits, increase number of parity and hypertension have significant negative effect of on birth weight. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(1):47-52

scholarly journals An Update on Secular Trends in Physical Fitness of Children and Adolescents from 1972 to 2015: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Fühner ◽  
Reinhold Kliegl ◽  
Fabian Arntz ◽  
Susi Kriemler ◽  
Urs Granacher
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biological Maturity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Abstract Background There is evidence that physical fitness of children and adolescents (particularly cardiorespiratory endurance) has declined globally over the past decades. Ever since the first reports on negative trends in physical fitness, efforts have been undertaken by for instance the World Health Organization (WHO) to promote physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents. Therefore, it is timely to re-analyze the literature to examine whether previous reports on secular declines in physical fitness are still detectable or whether they need to be updated. Objectives The objective of this systematic review is to provide an ‘update’ on secular trends in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, speed) in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. Data Sources A systematic computerized literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science to locate studies that explicitly reported secular trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents. Study Eligibility Criteria Studies were included in this systematic review if they examined secular trends between at least two time points across a minimum of 5 years. In addition, they had to document secular trends in any measure of cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power or speed in apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods The included studies were coded for the following criteria: nation, physical fitness component (cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, speed), chronological age, sex (boys vs. girls), and year of assessment. Scores were standardized (i.e., converted to z scores) with sample-weighted means and standard deviations, pooled across sex and year of assessment within cells defined by study, test, and children’s age. Results The original search identified 524 hits. In the end, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. The observation period was between 1972 and 2015. Fifteen of the 22 studies used tests for cardiorespiratory endurance, eight for relative muscle strength, eleven for proxies of muscle power, and eight for speed. Measures of cardiorespiratory endurance exhibited a large initial increase and an equally large subsequent decrease, but the decrease appears to have reached a floor for all children between 2010 and 2015. Measures of relative muscle strength showed a general trend towards a small increase. Measures of proxies of muscle power indicated an overall small negative quadratic trend. For measures of speed, a small-to-medium increase was observed in recent years. Limitations Biological maturity was not considered in the analysis because biological maturity was not reported in most included studies. Conclusions Negative secular trends were particularly found for cardiorespiratory endurance between 1986 and 2010–12, irrespective of sex. Relative muscle strength and speed showed small increases while proxies of muscle power declined. Although the negative trend in cardiorespiratory endurance appears to have reached a floor in recent years, because of its association with markers of health, we recommend further initiatives in PA and fitness promotion for children and adolescents. More specifically, public health efforts should focus on exercise that increases cardiorespiratory endurance to prevent adverse health effects (i.e., overweight and obesity) and muscle strength to lay a foundation for motor skill learning.

Physical activity attenuates the negative effect of low birth weight on leptin levels in European adolescents; The HELENA study

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Labayen ◽  
F.B. Ortega ◽  
L.A. Moreno ◽  
M. Gonzalez-Gross ◽  
D. Jimenez-Pavon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Helena Study

scholarly journals Pode o peso ao nascer influenciar o estado nutricional, os níveis de atividade física e a aptidão física relacionada à saúde de crianças e jovens?

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Wellington Oliveira Barros ◽  
Marcelus Brito de Almeida ◽  
Marcos André Moura dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Santana ◽  
Florisbela de Arruda Câmara e Siqueira Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Physical Fitness

A aptidão física relacionada à saúde é definida como um conjunto de atributos fisiológicos que o indivíduo apresenta para o desempenho de atividades físicas diárias sem fadiga excessiva. Sabe-se que fatores como atividade física e estado nutricional influenciam diretamente os níveis de aptidão física. Entretanto, o aporte adequado de nutrientes nos períodos iniciais da vida é determinante para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de órgãos e de sistemas. O peso ao nascer está relacionado ao desenvolvimento intrauterino bem como à prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas. Recentemente o peso ao nascer tem sido associado aos níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde. O mecanismo subjacente pode estar relacionado aos efeitos decorrentes de insultos ocorridos no período crítico do desenvolvimento, com alterações no padrão de eventos celulares. As consequências estão na aquisição de padrões fisiológicos maduros do organismo e na ocorrência de eventos metabólicos, com prejuízo na aptidão física. O presente estudo propõe uma análise sobre a aptidão física relacionada à saúde e sua relação com a atividade física, o estado nutricional e com o peso ao nascer do indivíduo. Os termos de indexação utilizados foram: physical fitness, programming, physical activity, nutritional status e low birth weight. Concluiu-se que indivíduos nascidos com baixo peso apresentam alterações no estado nutricional com consequências negativas para a atividade física e aptidão física relacionada à saúde.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Yoga Practice on Physical Fitness in the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11663
Author(s):  
Sohee Shin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

The purpose of this study was to meta-analyze the effects of yoga intervention on physical fitness in the elderly. The following databases were systematically searched in 25 March 2021: Cochrane, PubMed and Embase. A total of 656 papers was identified through key word combinations, finally, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The main conclusions are as follows. First, yoga practice showed moderately positive effects on muscle strength, balance, mobility, and lower body flexibility, but had no significant effect on cardiorespiratory endurance and upper body flexibility. Second, sub-group analysis showed that subjects in their 60s and 70s and yoga practice for 9–12 weeks had a large positive effect on physical fitness. Yoga is a multimodal activity that improves muscle strength, balance, and flexibility in the elderly, and physical activity policies should continue to promote yoga as an activity that enhances physical and mental wellbeing in this population.

Birth Weight was Favorably Associated With Physical Fitness in Childhood After Adjustment for Several Perinatal Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Konstantinos D. Tambalis ◽  
Stamatis Mourtakos ◽  
Labros S. Sidossis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength

Background: The purpose was to examine the potential associations of birth weight and infant growth with physical fitness (PF) components in childhood. Method: A random sample of 5125 dyads of children aged 8–9 years and their mothers were evaluated. Telephone interviews were carried out with the use of a standardized questionnaire for the collection of maternal lifestyle factors. Mothers were asked to provide information contained in their medical booklets and pregnancy ultrasound records. Data from 5 PF tests were used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, and body strength. Linear regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between birth weight and infant growth with PF test performances and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the associations of normal weight versus low birth weight and normal versus accelerated infant growth with PF tests performance categories (low vs high/average). Results: Birth weight was favorably associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = 0.12 stage increase per SD increase in birth weight, P = .047), lower body strength (b = 1.07, P = .037), upper body strength (b = 0.10, P = .038), and speed (b = −0.04, P = .001), and infant growth was associated with upper body strength (b = 0.21 cm increase per SD increase in infant weight gain, P < .001) after adjusting for children’s body mass index and several perinatal factors. Low birth weight children had 35% increased odds for low performances in PF tests compared with their normal birth weight counterparts. Conclusion: Low birth weight negatively affects childhood PF, and hence, it could play an unfavorable role in the future health of the offspring.

Physical Fitness and the Schools

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-450
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Major Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Public School Systems ◽  
Youth Activities ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

During the last decade our concept of what "physical fitness" means has undergone a major change. Traditionally the "physically fit" child was one who had obvious motor (or athletic) abilities, ordinarily defined by such parameters as muscle strength, agility, speed, and power. But the high levels of power, speed, and agility necessary for success in most competitive sports have little or no relevance in the daily lives of most adults. Today, the words "physical fitness" imply optimal functioning of all physiologic systems of the body, particularly the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal systems.1 DEFINING PHYSICAL FITNESS Physical fitness is now considered to include five components: muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, body composition (ie, degree of fatness), and cardiorespiratory endurance. Good cardiorespiratory endurance may be associated with a lessened chance of disability or death due to cardiovascular disease. Schools in the United States have traditionally emphasized sports such as football and baseball, both of which require agility and skill but are not particularly fitness enhancing. Aerobic activities (eg, activities requiring maintenance of 75% of maximal heart rate for 20 to 25 minutes), if performed at least three times a week, can lead to enhanced cardiorespiratory endurance. This improvement in fitness can be achieved by swimming, running, bicycling, field hockey, aerobic dancing, fast walking, etc. SCHOOL PROGRAMS Unfortunately, just as the understanding of the importance of health-related physical fitness has become widespread, our ability to direct youth activities toward fitness is being countered by several new pressures: (1) Financial strains may lead public school systems to reduce physical education budgets.

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