scholarly journals Is there a trade-off between fertility and longevity? A comparative study of women from three large historical databases accounting for mortality selection

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Gagnon ◽  
Ken R. Smith ◽  
Marc Tremblay ◽  
Hélène Vézina ◽  
Paul-Philippe Paré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Mortality Selection ◽  
Historical Databases

scholarly journals POWER-SPEED TRADE-OFF IN PARALLEL PREFIX CIRCUITS

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-98
Author(s):  
S. VANICHAYOBON ◽  
S. K. DHALL ◽  
S. LAKSHMIVARAHAN ◽  
J. K. ANTONIO
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Parallel Prefix ◽  
Capacitance Model ◽  
Prefix Circuits

Optimizing area and speed in parallel prefix circuits has been considered important for a long time. The issue of power consumption in these circuits, however, has not been addressed. This paper presents a comparative study of different parallel prefix circuits from the point of view of power–speed trade-off. An effective circuit capacitance model that is verified through PSpice simulations is used to investigate the power consumption in parallel prefix circuits. The model results in an analytical function for power consumption for each prefix circuit considered. The degrees of freedom studied include different parallel prefix circuits and voltage scaling. The results of the study were applied to evaluate power–speed trade-offs when different prefix circuits are used in Brent's parallel adder.5

A Comparative Study on Lateral Stability and Steady State Curving Behaviour of Unconventional Rail Truck Models

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Narayana Swamy ◽  
R V Dukkipati ◽  
M Osman
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Compromise Solution ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
Curving Performance

Conventional railway vehicle systems exhibit hunting phenomenon which increases component wear and imposes operating speed limits. There is also a conflict between dynamic stability and the ability of the vehicle to steer around curves. Alternatively, independently rotating wheels (IRW) in a wheelset eliminate hunting but the wheelset guidance capability is lost. A compromise solution is made possible by a modified design that exploits a lack of fore-and-aft symmetry in the suspension design. A comparative study on steady state curving performance and dynamic stability of some unconventional truck designs is carried out. The effects of suspension and conicity are considered to evaluate the trade-off between dynamic stability and curving performance.

scholarly journals Centenarians Today: New Insights on Selection from the 5-COOP Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Robine ◽  
Siu Lan Karen Cheung ◽  
Yasuhiko Saito ◽  
Bernard Jeune ◽  
Marti G. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Functional Health Status ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Human Mortality ◽  
Mortality Selection ◽  
The Past

The number of oldest old grew tremendously over the past few decades. However, recent studies have disclosed that the pace of increase strongly varies among countries. The present study aims to specify the level of mortality selection among the nonagenarians and centenarians living currently in five low mortality countries, Denmark, France, Japan, Switzerland, and Sweden, part of the 5-Country Oldest Old Project (5-COOP). All data come from the Human Mortality Database, except for the number of centenarians living in Japan. We disclosed three levels of mortality selection, a milder level in Japan, a stronger level in Denmark and Sweden and an intermediary level in France and Switzerland. These divergences offer an opportunity to study the existence of a trade-off between the level of mortality selection and the functional health status of the oldest old survivors which will be seized by the 5-COOP project.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Time-cost Trade-off Approaches within Critical Path Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-931
Author(s):  
Wakas S. Khalaf ◽  
Leong Wah June ◽  
Mohd Rizam B. Abu Bakar ◽  
Lee Lai Soon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Critical Path Method ◽  
Trade Off

Comparative Study of Optimization Techniques for Shock and Vibration Isolation

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Karnopp ◽  
A. K. Trikha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Criterion A ◽  
Continuous Range

Several optimum and suboptimum isolators are discussed with respect to three different criteria appropriate to shock and vibration isolation. In attempting to show the limitations of performance of a system optimized according to one criterion when considered from the point of view of another criterion, a number of advantages and disadvantages of the optimum systems are made evident. The results are presented in trade-off diagrams which allow a continuous range of choice in penalizing measures of relative displacement and the force or acceleration associated with the isolated element.

scholarly journals Elaborate visual and acoustic signals evolve independently in a large, phenotypically diverse radiation of songbirds

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1788) ◽  
pp. 20140967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Mason ◽  
Allison J. Shultz ◽  
Kevin J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Sexual Signals ◽  
Sexual Signal ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Sexual Signalling ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of a macroevolutionary trade-off among sexual signals has a storied history in evolutionary biology. Theory predicts that if multiple sexual signals are costly for males to produce or maintain and females prefer a single, sexually selected trait, then an inverse correlation between sexual signal elaborations is expected among species. However, empirical evidence for what has been termed the ‘transfer hypothesis’ is mixed, which may reflect different selective pressures among lineages, evolutionary covariates or methodological differences among studies. Here, we examine interspecific correlations between song and plumage elaboration in a phenotypically diverse, widespread radiation of songbirds, the tanagers. The tanagers (Thraupidae) are the largest family of songbirds, representing nearly 10% of all songbirds. We assess variation in song and plumage elaboration across 301 species, representing the largest scale comparative study of multimodal sexual signalling to date. We consider whether evolutionary covariates, including habitat, structural and carotenoid-based coloration, and subfamily groupings influence the relationship between song and plumage elaboration. We find that song and plumage elaboration are uncorrelated when considering all tanagers, although the relationship between song and plumage complexity varies among subfamilies. Taken together, we find that elaborate visual and vocal sexual signals evolve independently among tanagers.

Author response for "Laminar distribution of cortical projection neurons to the pulvinar: A comparative study in cats and mice"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Oliveira Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Éve‐Marie Frigon ◽  
Robert Tremblay‐Laliberté ◽  
Christian Casanova ◽  
Denis Boire
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Cortical Projection ◽  
Laminar Distribution
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