The Impact of Comprehensive Community Initiatives on Population‐Level Child, Youth, and Family Outcomes: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 479-503
Author(s):  
Emily S. Lin ◽  
Sean K. Flanagan ◽  
Shannon M. Varga ◽  
Jonathan F. Zaff ◽  
Max Margolius
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
Family Outcomes ◽  
Comprehensive Community Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals What works to promote walking at the population level? A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Foster ◽  
Paul Kelly ◽  
Hamish A B Reid ◽  
Nia Roberts ◽  
Elaine M Murtagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
English Language ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
School Based ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveInterventions to promote walking have focused on individual or group-based approaches, often via the randomised controlled trial design. Walking can also be promoted using population health approaches. We systematically reviewed the effectiveness of population approaches to promote walking among individuals and populations.DesignA systematic review.Data sources10 electronic databases searched from January 1990 to March 2017.Eligibility criteriaEligibility criteria include pre-experimental and postexperimental studies of the effects of population interventions to change walking, and the effects must have been compared with a ‘no intervention’, or comparison group/area/population, or variation in exposure; duration of ≥12 months of follow up; participants in free-living populations; and English-language articles.Results12 studies were identified from mostly urban high-income countries (one focusing on using tax, incentivising the loss of parking spaces; and one using policy only, permitting off-leash dogs in city parks). Five studies used mass media with either environment (n=2) or community (n=3) approaches. Four studies used environmental changes that were combined with policies. One study had scaled up school-based approaches to promote safe routes to schools. We found mass media, community initiatives and environmental change approaches increased walking (range from 9 to 75 min/week).

Effectiveness of various methods of home fortification in under-5 children: where they work, where they do not. A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Nikooyeh ◽  
Tirang R Neyestani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Home Fortification

Abstract Context The common approaches of home fortification (HF) for prevention and/or treatment of micronutrient deficiencies are micronutrient powders (MNPs), foodlets, and lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs). There are mixed results for the impact of HF on growth and nutritional status of young children. Objective This systematic review was prepared in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to evaluate current evidence from randomized controlled trials including children younger than 5 years to assess the effect of strategies of HF on growth and micronutrient status. Methods The MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched to July 2018. A total of 1301 studies were found in a preliminary search. After screening of titles and abstracts, 30 studies were selected. Results Treatment with MNPs, foodlets, and LNSs effectively increased hemoglobin concentrations by at least 2.52 g/L, 4.59 g/L, and 4.4 g/dL, respectively, as compared with a control. There was a significant decrease in risk of anemia development after foodlet intervention compared with a control or iron drops (odds ratio, 0.27; 95%CI, 0.10–0.74; P = 0.01). However, these interventions did not result in any significant improvement in z-scores for changes of height for age, weight for age, and weight for height. The results indicated that MNP (7.16; 95%CI, 0.31–14.01; P = 0.04) and foodlet treatment (4.92; 95%CI, 0.28–9.57; P = 0.04) could increase serum zinc levels. However, none of the home fortification methods improved vitamin A status in the target group. Conclusion Home fortification can be used as an effective method to improve hemoglobin, iron, and zinc status, although in this study it had no effect on vitamin A or anthropometric indicators of the target population. More investigations are warranted for newer approaches of HF to improve a broader range of micronutrients as well as child growth indices and for evaluation of the coverage, compliance, and consistency of such interventions at the population level. PROSPERO Registration No.: CRD42018109279

scholarly journals Data Quality and Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Electronic and Paper-Based Interviewer-Administered Public Health Surveys: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atinkut Alamirrew Zeleke ◽  
Tolga Naziyok ◽  
Fleur Fritz ◽  
Rainer Röhrig
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Population-level survey is an essential standard method used in public health research to quantify sociodemographic events and support public health policy development and intervention designs with evidence. Although all steps in the survey can contribute to the data quality parameters, data collection mechanisms seem the most determinant, as they can avoid mistakes before they happen. The use of electronic devices such as smartphones and tablet computers improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of public health surveys. However, there is lack of systematically analyzed evidence to show the potential impact on data quality and cost reduction of electronic-based data collection tools in interviewer-administered surveys. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of interviewer-administered electronic device data collection methods concerning data quality and cost reduction in population-level surveys compared with the traditional paper-based methods. METHODS We will conduct a systematic search on Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Global Health, Trip, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies from 2007 to 2018 to identify relevant studies. The review will include randomized and nonrandomized studies that examine data quality and cost reduction outcomes. Moreover, usability, user experience, and usage parameters from the same study will be summarized. Two independent authors will screen the title and abstract. A third author will mediate in cases of disagreement. If the studies are considered to be combinable with minimal heterogeneity, we will perform a meta-analysis. RESULTS The preliminary search in PubMed and Web of Science showed 1491 and 979 resulting hits of articles, respectively. The review protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018092259). We anticipate January 30, 2019, to be the finishing date. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review will inform policymakers, investors, researchers, and technologists about the impact of an electronic-based data collection system on data quality, work efficiency, and cost reduction. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO CRD42018092259; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID= CRD42018092259 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/10678

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of TRAP laws on abortion and women’s health in the USA: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichole Austin ◽  
Sam Harper
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
State Level ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionTargeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) laws impose extensive and sometimes costly requirements on abortion providers and facilities, potentially leading to barriers to care. Understanding the impact of these laws is important given their prevalence in the USA, but no review to date has summarised the available evidence. We conducted a systematic review of literature on TRAP laws and their impact on abortion trends and women’s health.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, PubMed and EconLit for original, quantitative studies where the exposure was at least one TRAP policy and the outcome was abortion and/or any women’s physical or mental health outcome.ResultsSix articles met our inclusion criteria. The most common outcome was population-level abortion trends; studies also assessed the effect of TRAP laws on gestational age at presentation and measures of self-perceived burden. While certain TRAP laws (eg, admitting privilege requirements) appeared to have an effect on abortion outcomes, the impact of other laws – or combinations of laws – was unclear, due in part to heterogeneity between studies with respect to study design, geography, and exposure definition.ConclusionsTRAP laws may have an impact on the experience of obtaining an abortion in the USA. However, our review revealed a paucity of empirical research on their population and individual-level impact, as well as some disagreement about the effect of different TRAP laws on subsequent abortion outcomes. Future research should prioritise the specific TRAP laws that may have a uniquely strong effect on state-level abortion rates and other outcomes.

Systematic review methodology for development: An example from microfinance

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Van Rooyen ◽  
Ruth Stewart ◽  
Thea De Wet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
International Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Big international development donors such as the UK’s Department for International Development and USAID have recently started using systematic review as a methodology to assess the effectiveness of various development interventions to help them decide what is the ‘best’ intervention to spend money on. Such an approach to evidence-based decision-making has long been practiced in the health sector in the US, UK, and elsewhere but it is relatively new in the development field. In this article we use the case of a systematic review of the impact of microfinance on the poor in sub-Saharan African to indicate how systematic review as a methodology can be used to assess the impact of specific development interventions.

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