A meta‐analysis of single visit pollination effectiveness comparing honeybees and other floral visitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Page ◽  
C.C. Nicholson ◽  
R.M. Brennan ◽  
A.T. Britzman ◽  
J. Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Pollination Effectiveness ◽  
Floral Visitors

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of single visit pollination effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen L Page ◽  
Charlie C Nicholson ◽  
Ross Brennan ◽  
Anna Britzman ◽  
Jeremy Hemberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Pollination Effectiveness ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effective Pollinators ◽  
Effective Pollinator

Many animals provide essential ecosystem services in the form of plant pollination. A rich literature documents considerable variation in the single visit pollination effectiveness of different plant visitors, but this literature has yet to be comprehensively synthesized. We conducted a hierarchical meta-analysis of 193 studies and extracted 1716 single visit effectiveness (SVE) comparisons for 252 plant species. We paired SVE data with visitation frequency data for 75 of these studies. Given the global dominance of honeybees in pollinator communities, we used these data to ask: 1) Do honeybees (Apis mellifera) and other floral visitors vary in their SVE?; 2) To what extent do plant and pollinator attributes predict the difference in SVE between honeybees and other visitors?; and 3) Is there a correlation between floral visitation frequency and SVE? We found that honeybees were significantly less effective than the most effective non-honeybee pollinator. Although not significantly different, honeybees also tended to be less effective than the mean community effectiveness. Honeybees were less effective as pollinators of crop plants and when compared to birds and other bees. Visitation frequency and pollination effectiveness were positively correlated, but this trend was largely driven by data from communities where honeybees were absent, suggesting that honeybees generally combine high visitation frequency and lower SVE. Our study demonstrates that non-honeybee floral visitors are highly effective pollinators of many crop and non-crop plants. While the high visitation frequency typically displayed by honeybees undoubtably makes them important pollinators, we show that honeybees are slightly less effective than the average pollinator and rarely the most effective pollinator of the plants they visit. As such, honeybees may be imperfect substitutes for the loss of wild pollinators and safeguarding global crop production will benefit from conservation of non-honeybee taxa.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Short-Term Postoperative Pain in Single- versus Multiple-Visit Root Canal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Armin Izadpanah ◽  
Ailar Javaheripour ◽  
Azam Maleki ◽  
Mahdieh Alipour ◽  
Hossein Hosseinifard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Multiple Visit ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
The Times

Postoperative pain after root canal therapy (RoCT) is an unpleasant experience for patients, and it could be affected by different factors. The times of visits could be one of these factors that were evaluated in various studies. However, there is inconsistent evidence on the relation between postoperative pain and the times of visits. Therefore, the current systematic review aimed to summarize the results of these studies and meta-analyze them. For this purpose, a comprehensive search was conducted in four main databases (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases) for related English articles from 1978 to August 2020. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Delphi checklist. The heterogeneity of studies was determined by I2 statistic, and publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot and the Begg test. The results were presented by using relative ratio (RR) estimates and standard mean difference (SMD) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. Initial searches from mentioned databases identified 1480 papers; of which only 27 of them met the inclusion criteria. In quality assessment, thirteen studies had quality scores of more than 7, two studies had 4 scores, and the rest had 5 scores. Overall, based on the available evidence, the meta-analysis showed that the risk of postoperative pain in single-visit was 1.02 times (CI 95% (0.99, 1.19), I2 = 60.7%, p = 0.001 ) higher than that of the multiple-visit treatment. The mean difference of postoperative pain in single-visit was −0.30 (CI 95% (−0.36, −0.25), I2 = 0.94.4, p = 0.001 ) compared with the multiple-visit treatment. Based on the results of this meta-analysis, the risk of postoperative pain in single-visit RoCT was higher than that in multiple-visit RoCT with acceptable statistical heterogeneity and moderate quality of the studies.

scholarly journals Outcome of Single- vs Multiple-visit Endodontic Therapy of Nonvital Teeth: A Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce O Almeida ◽  
Sônia CL Chaves ◽  
Ronaldo A Souza ◽  
Felipe F Soares
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Multiple Visit ◽  
Microbiological Control

ABSTRACT Introduction Endodontic therapy is a specialized procedure more demanded by patients within public oral health care in the country. Then, single-visit endodontic therapy may offer advantages to the health care services, to the professionals, and to the patients by reducing access barriers. Materials and methods A meta-analysis was done and the variables evaluated were periapical repair, microbiological control, and postobturation pain in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving endodontic treatment of nonvital teeth at single- or multiple visits. Results About 17 RCTs were included. There were no differences found in periapical repair or microbiological control in single- and multiple-visit therapy. Single-visit endodontic therapy resulted in 21% less postobturation pain (relative risks = 0.79; 95%, confidence interval: 0.66-0.94). Conclusion There was less postobturation pain in the single-visit endodontic therapy group. In the public dental care, this analysis favors the adoption of this one therapy because it will be possible to increase the patient access and the supply of this therapy. Clinical significance It is possible to get a better cost-effectiveness for the patients and the health care service. This is very important because the reduction of the cost to the patient allows it to become a complete treatment. The health service, in turn, is able to be better used, with a greater supply of this service. How to cite this article Almeida DO, Chaves SCL, Souza RA, Soares FF. Outcome of Single- vs Multiple-visit Endodontic Therapy of Nonvital Teeth: A Meta-analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):330-336.

Visitation frequency of Melampyrum roseum var. japonicum (Scrophulariaceae) by three bumblebee species and its relation to pollination efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1167-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayako Hiei ◽  
Kazuo Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollination Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bumblebee Species ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Pollination Effectiveness ◽  
Visitation Frequency ◽  
Pollen Removal

The efficiency of pollination of Melampyrum roseum Maximowicz var. japonicum Franchet et Savatier by three bumblebee species, Bombus consobrinus Vogt, Bombus diversus Smith, and Bombus honshuensis Tkalců, which differ especially in proboscis length, was examined under experimental conditions where visitation frequencies were controlled. First, we found that B. honshuensis, with the shortest proboscis, deposited the most pollen per stigma, resulting in the highest seed set in single visit experiments among the three bumblebee species, while B. diversus removed the most pollen from the anthers. The morphological match between pollinators and flowers was found to be an important factor affecting the per-visit pollination intensity mentioned above. Second, we found that seed set and pollen removal increased when flowers were visited twice by any of the three bumblebee species and that the differences among the three bumblebee species disappeared. When flowers were visited three or four times, the seed set and pollen removal did not increase further. These findings indicate that pollination effectiveness may differ among the bumblebee species only when flowers are infrequently visited by any of the bumblebee species.Key words: Melampyrum roseum, bumblebees, pollination efficiency, reproductive success, seed set, visitation frequency.

scholarly journals Single-visit versus multiple-visits endodontic treatment of apical periodontitis: A meta-analysis of outcome assessed by intra oral radiographs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Dehghan Manshadi ◽  
Asgeir Bårdsen
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
National Library ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Multiple Visit

Abstract The established multiple-visit treatment for necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis has been challenged by single-visit treatment. However, there is no clear support for the one or the other treatment in the literature. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate if non-surgical primary root canal treatment carried out in single-visit or multiple-visit makes any difference in terms of radiographic healing in necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis. The null hypothesis was: there is no difference in the rate of apical healing for the two treatment modalities The literature search was organized through the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM the National Library of Medicine (NLM)) using PubMed database and EMBASE Ovid to select articles with single-visit or multiple-visit included teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. Of the 60 identified studies, only eight studies were included in current meta-analysis. The main reasons for exclusions were teeth with other diagnosis except necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis, studies with no comparison between single- and multiple-visit endodontics within the same study and studies without healing rate appearance. Results from each of the included studies were entered into the statistical program Stata, Version 15 (Texas, USA). The odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval for each study were calculated (dependent variable: single-visit/multiple-visit, independent variables: healed/not healed based on intra oral radiographs) with the random effect model. There was no significant difference in radiographic evidence of periapical healing between single-visit endodontics and multiple-visit treatment modalities, of the primary root canal treatment in necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.67-1.83) as evaluated on intra oral radiographs. Thus, the null hypothesis could not be rejected.

scholarly journals Pollination biology of Agave horrida (Agavaceae) in the Chichinautzin mountain range, in Central Mexico”

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnoldo Flores-Torres ◽  
Andrea Galindo-Escamilla
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Exclusion Experiments ◽  
Pollination Systems ◽  
Leptonycteris Nivalis

<p><strong>Background:</strong> the predictability of nectarivorous bats and their greater fecundity efficiency promote specialized pollination systems in columnar cactus in central Mexico. Some authors have suggested the same pollination pattern for <em>Agave</em> genus, and even when recent meta-analysis does not find such pattern, they have suggested this could be due to the lack of descriptive studies of pollination for this genus.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis:</strong> according to the chiropterophily syndrome of its flowers, the most efficient pollinator of <em>Agave horrida</em> will be nectarivorous bats leading to a pollination system with a specialist tendency in this agave species.</p><p><strong>Studied species:</strong><em> Agave horrida </em>and floral visitors.</p><p><strong>Study site and years of study: </strong>lava<strong> </strong>field of the Chichinautzin mountain range, in Morelos State in Central Mexico in 2005.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> we studied the floral biology of <em>A. horrida</em>, its floral offer (density of flowers in a given area), visitor rate, and visitor abundance, and conducted exclusion experiments for diurnal and nocturnal visitors.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> <em>A. horrida </em>has protandric flowers with chiropterophilous characteristics (larger nectar production at night and nocturnal anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity). Nectarivorous bats were the most frequent flower visitors and the guild that most frequently presented pollen on their bodies. Pollinator exclusion experiments show that both birds and bats can successfully pollinate <em>A. horrida</em>.  Nevertheless, the predictability and abundance of the nectarivorous bat <em>Leptonycteris nivalis</em>, along with the greater fruit and seed production than birds, makes it the most efficient pollinator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> our results support the hypothesis of a specialized pollination system towards nectarivorous bats in agaves in central Mexico.</p>

scholarly journals Empidine dance flies pollinate the woodland geranium as effectively as bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 20190230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Lefebvre ◽  
Christophe Daugeron ◽  
Claire Villemant ◽  
Colin Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Subalpine Meadow ◽  
Pollination Effectiveness ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Effective Pollinators ◽  
Dance Fly ◽  
High Diversity

Most flowering plants species rely on insects for pollination, a successful mutualism allowing them to reproduce over wide areas while flower-visitors are rewarded with food. This association is so conspicuous in the case of bees that other groups of potential pollinators, especially flies, have long been underestimated. However, visitors are not always pollinators. While the importance of flies in plant–visitor networks is now acknowledged, their pollination effectiveness has hardly been investigated. In this study, we assessed the pollination effectiveness of Geranium sylvaticum flower-visitors using single-visit seed set experiments, in a subalpine meadow where flies are predominant. We found that: (i) empidine dance flies were the most frequent visitors of G. sylvaticum ; (ii) a single-visit by an empidine dance fly produced the same average number of seeds as a visit by a bee; (iii) large pollinators were more efficient than small pollinators irrespective of their identity. As a conclusion, large empidines were the main pollinators of G. sylvaticum . Considering the high diversity and abundance of flower-visiting fly species, such results showing their ability to be as effective pollinators as bees should encourage further studies to develop a better understanding on their role in plant–pollinator networks.

scholarly journals Variation in pollinator potential to carry a blueberry fungal pathogen and assessment of transfer efficiency in two managed bee species

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew David Hank Boyer ◽  
Lynn S Adler
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Floral Visitors

Plant diseases are ubiquitous in agricultural systems and are major sources of economic loss. Vaccinium corymbosum, or highbush blueberry, is an economically important crop affected by an insect-vectored, fungal pathogen, Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, or mummy berry disease. Highbush blueberry yield is maximized through outcrossed pollination; however, the pathogen is vectored by pollinators. We used field collections and molecular techniques to identify floral visitors to highbush blueberry and quantify levels of pathogen spores carried by each visiting species. We also conducted a cage trial using single flower visits to determine differences in vectoring efficiency between two managed pollinators, Apis mellifera and Bombus impatiens. We found that bees, flies, and wasps were all common visitors, and that all bee species and several fly and wasp species carried the pathogen. Of the bee species, A. mellifera most often tested positive for the pathogen, while Dolichovespula maculata (Bald-faced Hornet) tested positive most among wasps and Mallota posticata among flies. Considering only individuals that tested positive, mummyberry levels per individual were highest in D. maculata and Andrena bees, and relatively low in flies. In cage trials, we found no differences between A. mellifera and B. impatiens in pathogen load or transfer efficiency, suggesting that these managed species are equally capable of vectoring mummyberry during a single visit to a blighted stem and then a flower. This research demonstrates the variety of floral visitors that carry mummyberry and that two common commercial pollinator species have similar potential to vector mummyberry to blueberry flowers during a single visit.

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