Earlier spring reduces potential for gene flow via reduced flowering synchrony across an elevational gradient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Rivest ◽  
Geneviève Lajoie ◽  
David A. Watts ◽  
Mark Vellend
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Flowering Synchrony

scholarly journals Microsatellite DNA Evidence for Gene Flow in Neotropical Lek-Mating Long-Tailed Manakins

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Lek Mating ◽  
Rapid Divergence ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Single Cluster

Abstract I genotyped lek-mating Long-tailed Manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis) at Monteverde and Santa Rosa, Costa Rica, 115 km apart. Cavalli-Sforza distance was 0.04, DLR was 0.18, and RST and θ were both 0.02. Bayesian clustering analysis indicated that both populations were part of a single cluster rather than from distinct clusters. I present a binomial test for probability of allelic absence as a function of sample size. Genotypic likelihood tests assigned 50% of Monteverde birds to Santa Rosa, versus 26% of Santa Rosa birds to Monteverde. Two lines of evidence supported the idea of asymmetric gene flow up the elevational gradient from Santa Rosa to Monteverde. Low differentiation at this spatial scale, despite intense sexual selection, suggests that sexual selection alone is unlikely to promote rapid divergence leading to speciation. Reduced gene flow, produced by geographic barriers or behavioral factors, may also be required. Evidencia de Flujo Génico Mediante ADN Microsatelital en Chiroxiphia linearis, un Ave Neotropical con Estrategia Reproductiva Tipo “Lek” Resumen. Determiné el genotipo de individuos de Chiroxiphia linearis en dos poblaciones separadas por 115 km, Monteverde y Santa Rosa en Costa Rica. La distancia de Cavalli-Sforza fue 0.04, DLR fue 0.18, y tanto el valor de RST como el de θ fue 0.02. Un análisis de agrupamiento bayesiano indicó que ambas poblaciones pertenecen a un mismo grupo y no a dos grupos diferentes. Presento una prueba binomial para determinar la probabilidad de ausencia alélica como una función del tamaño muestral. La prueba de probabilidad genotípica asignó al 50% de los individuos de Monteverde a la población de Santa Rosa, mientras que un 26% de los individuos de Santa Rosa fue asignado a Monteverde. Dos líneas de evidencia apoyan la idea de flujo génico asimétrico hacia arriba del gradiente altitudinal entre Santa Rosa y Monteverde. A pesar de la intensa presión selectiva sexual, la baja diferenciación a esta escala espacial sugiere que probablemente la selección sexual por sí sola no promueve la rápida divergencia que conduce a la especiación. También se requeriría reducción del flujo génico a través de barreras geográficas y factores conductuales.

Playbacks revisited: asymmetry in behavioural response across an acoustic boundary between two parapatric bird species

Behaviour ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (14) ◽  
pp. 1933-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsin Burbidge ◽  
Thari Parson ◽  
Paula C. Caycedo-Rosales ◽  
Carlos Daniel Cadena ◽  
Hans Slabbekoorn
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Asymmetric Response ◽  
Singing Style ◽  
The Impact

Behavioural barriers to gene flow can play a key role in speciation and hybridisation. Birdsong is well-known for its potential contribution to such behavioural barriers as it may affect gene flow through an effect on territorial and mating success across population boundaries. Conspecific recognition and heterospecific discrimination of acoustic variation can prevent or limit hybridization in areas where closely related species meet. Here we tested the impact of song differences on territorial response levels between two adjacent Henicorhina wood-wren species along an elevational gradient in Colombia. In an earlier study, playback results had revealed an asymmetric response pattern, with low-elevation H. leucophrys bangsi responding strongly to any conspecific or heterospecific song variant, whereas high-elevation H. anachoreta birds discriminated, responding more strongly to their own songs than to those of bangsi. However, in that study we could not exclude a role for relative familiarity to the song stimuli. In the current study we confirm the asymmetric response pattern with song stimuli recorded close to and on both sides of the distinct acoustic boundary. Furthermore, we also show a previously unnoticed divergence in singing style between these two wood-wren species, which may contribute to an acoustically guided barrier to hybridization in this secondary contact zone.

scholarly journals Loss of leaf-out and flowering synchrony under global warming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin M. Zohner ◽  
Lidong Mo ◽  
Susanne S. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Climate Manipulation

AbstractThe temporal overlap of phenological stages, phenological synchrony, crucially influences ecosystem functioning. For flowering, among-individual synchrony influences gene flow. For leaf-out, it affects interactions with herbivores and competing plants. If individuals differ in their reaction to the ongoing change in global climate, this should affect population-level synchrony. Here, we use climate-manipulation experiments, Pan-European long-term (>15 years) observations, and common garden monitoring data on up to 72 woody and herbaceous species to study the effects of increasing temperatures on the extent of within-population leaf-out and flowering synchrony. Warmer temperatures reduce in situ leaf-out and flowering synchrony by up to 55%, and experiments on European beech provide a mechanism for how individual genetic differences may explain this finding. The rapid loss of reproductive and vegetative synchrony in European plants predicts changes in their gene flow and trophic interactions, but community-wide consequences remain largely unknown.

scholarly journals Global warming reduces leaf-out and flowering synchrony among individuals

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin M Zohner ◽  
Lidong Mo ◽  
Susanne S Renner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Editorial Note ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity ◽  
Climate Manipulation

The temporal overlap of phenological stages, phenological synchrony, crucially influences ecosystem functioning. For flowering, among-individual synchrony influences gene flow. For leaf-out, it affects interactions with herbivores and competing plants. If individuals differ in their reaction to the ongoing change in global climate, this should affect population-level synchrony. Here, we use climate-manipulation experiments, Pan-European long-term (>15 years) observations, and common garden monitoring data on up to 72 woody and herbaceous species to study the effects of increasing temperatures on the extent of leaf-out and flowering synchrony within populations. Warmer temperatures reduce in situ leaf-out and flowering synchrony by up to 55%, and experiments on European beech provide a mechanism for how individual differences in day-length and/or chilling sensitivity may explain this finding. The rapid loss of reproductive and vegetative synchrony in European plants predicts changes in their gene flow and trophic interactions, but community-wide consequences remain largely unknown.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).

scholarly journals A genome-wide assessment of stages of elevational parapatry in Bornean passerine birds reveals no introgression: implications for processes and patterns of speciation

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Moyle ◽  
Joseph D. Manthey ◽  
Peter A. Hosner ◽  
Mustafa Rahman ◽  
Maklarin Lakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Allopatric Species ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Elevational Range

Topographically complex regions often contain the close juxtaposition of closely related species along elevational gradients. The evolutionary causes of these elevational replacements, and thus the origin and maintenance of a large portion of species diversity along elevational gradients, are usually unclear because ecological differentiation along a gradient or secondary contact following allopatric diversification can produce the same pattern. We used reduced representation genomic sequencing to assess genetic relationships and gene flow between three parapatric pairs of closely related songbird taxa (Arachnothera spiderhunters, Chloropsis leafbirds, and Enicurus forktails) along an elevational gradient in Borneo. Each taxon pair presents a different elevational range distribution across the island, yet results were uniform: little or no gene flow was detected in any pairwise comparisons. These results are congruent with an allopatric “species-pump” model for generation of species diversity and elevational parapatry of congeners on Borneo, rather than in situ generation of species by “ecological speciation” along an elevational gradient.

scholarly journals Red Fox Ancestry and Connectivity Assessments Reveal Minimal Fur Farm Introgression in Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-530
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Cross ◽  
Benjamin N. Sacks ◽  
Gordon Luikart ◽  
Michael K. Schwartz ◽  
Keith W. Van Etten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Greater Yellowstone ◽  
High Elevations

Abstract Rocky Mountain red foxes Vulpes vulpes macroura potentially encounter other red fox Vulpes vulpes lineages at lower elevations, which may include nonindigenous red foxes derived from fur farms. Introgression from nonindigenous red foxes could have negative evolutionary consequences for the rare Rocky Mountain red fox subspecies. Red foxes at high elevations in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem exhibit lighter coat colors than those at lower elevations, potentially indicating that they represent the indigenous subspecies and that gene flow across the elevational gradient is restricted. We collected tissue samples across a 1,750-m elevation range and examined mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear DNA microsatellite genotypes to assess the ancestry and genetic population structure of red foxes in the northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We also used reference samples from fur farm red foxes and indigenous red foxes of the western United States to assess the extent of nonindigenous introgression across the ecosystem. We found little overlap in the elevational distribution of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA haplotypes: above 1,600 m, we only found indigenous Rocky Mountain haplotypes (n = 4), whereas below 1,600 m, we found haplotypes not indigenous to the Rocky Mountains (n = 5) that were associated with fur farms or indigenous to the Great Plains. In contrast, biparentally inherited microsatellite variation showed little population structure across the elevational gradient. Despite this evidence of nuclear gene flow across the elevational gradient, we found little fur farm introgression in the microsatellite genotypes. It is possible that long-standing nuclear (but apparently not mitochondrial) gene flow between Rocky Mountain red foxes and indigenous red foxes on the Great Plains explained the low nuclear differentiation of these populations. Importantly, our results suggested that high elevations of the northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem remained free of significant fur farm introgression. Mitonuclear discordance could reflect sex-biased dispersal, which we hypothesize could be the effect of elevational differences in reproductive phenology.

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