scholarly journals Population genomics of a reindeer lichen species from North American lichen woodlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Alonso‐García ◽  
Felix Grewe ◽  
Serge Payette ◽  
Juan Carlos Villarreal A.
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Reindeer Lichen

Progress and Prospects of Population Genomics of North American Hardwoods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
Margaret Staton ◽  
Scott E. Schlarbaum ◽  
Mark V. Coggeshall ◽  
Jeanne Romero-Severson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Population Genomics

Bacidia rosellizans, a new lichen species from the taiga belt

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan EKMAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Pale Pink ◽  
The Usa

AbstractBacidia rosellizans S. Ekman is described as new to science. Morphologically, the new species is similar to the type species of the genus, B. rosella (Pers.) De Not., particularly in the pale pink and pigment-deficient apothecia and in having the proper exciple and upper part of the hymenium inspersed with minute crystals that consist at least partly of atranorin. Bacidia rosellizans, however, differs in having a thin whitish thallus, smaller apothecia and a thinner apothecial margin, a dense layer of crystals along the excipular rim, shorter and narrower ascospores with fewer septa, and septate conidia. Whereas B. rosella is a species occurring in the nemoral zone of Europe and possibly northernmost Africa and parts of Asia (but not North America), B. rosellizans is found mainly on Populus and Salix in taiga. This species is currently known from Sweden, Russia, Canada and the USA. It was erroneously treated as Bacidia rosella in a monograph of North American corticolous species of Bacidia and Bacidina by Ekman (in Opera Botanica 127, 1996).

scholarly journals Population genomics of North American northern pike: variation and sex-specific signals from a chromosome-level, long read genome assembly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hollie A Johnson ◽  
Eric B Rondeau ◽  
David R Minkley ◽  
Jong S Leong ◽  
Joanne Whitehead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
North American ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Tajima’S D ◽  
Chromosome Level

AbstractWe present a chromosome-level, long-read genome assembly as a reference for northern pike (Esox lucius) where 97.5% of the genome is chromosome-anchored and N50 falls at 37.5 Mb. Whole-genome resequencing was genotyped using this assembly for 47 northern pike representing six North American populations from Alaska to New Jersey. We discovered that a disproportionate frequency of genetic polymorphism exists among populations east and west of the North American Continental Divide (NACD), indicating reproductive isolation across this barrier. Genome-wide analysis of heterozygous SNP density revealed a remarkable lack of genetic variation with 1 polymorphic site every 6.3kb in the Yukon River drainage and one every 16.5kb east of the NACD. Observed heterozygosity (Ho), nucleotide diversity (π), and Tajima’s D are depressed in populations east of the NACD (east vs. west: Ho: 0.092 vs 0.31; π: 0.092 vs 0.28; Tajima’s D: -1.61 vs -0.47). We confirm the presence of the master sex determining (MSD) gene, amhby, in the Yukon River drainage and in an invasive population in British Columbia and confirm its absence in populations east of the NACD. We also describe an Alaskan population where amhby is present but not associated with male gender determination. Our results support that northern pike originally colonized North America through Beringia, that Alaska provided an unglaciated refugium for northern pike during the last ice age, and southeast of the NACD was colonized by a small founding population(s) that lost amhby.

Biological activities of undescribed North American lichen species

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (14) ◽  
pp. 4721-4726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A Yeash ◽  
Lyndon Letwin ◽  
Lada Malek ◽  
Zacharias Suntres ◽  
Kerry Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lichen Species

The Chic-Choc Mountains are the last southern refuge for Arctic lichens in eastern North America

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Troy McMullin ◽  
Briann C. Dorin
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
The Last Glacial

Endemic and disjunct populations of vascular plants and cryptogams occurring in the Chic-Choc Mountains on the Gaspé Peninsula in eastern Québec, Canada, have been attracting botanists for over a century. Although controversial, these ancient mountains have been hypothesized to have been nunataks during the Wisconsin glaciation in part because they contain vascular plants that are not known to colonize nearby mountains with similar environments that were not thought to be nunataks. To determine whether there are lichen species that have the same pattern as the vascular plants, we examined the North American distribution of all the approximately 600 lichens known from the Chic-Chocs. Fifteen Arctic-alpine species were found to reach the edge of their southeastern North American range in the Chic-Chocs. Six of these species are not known to occur again for over 1000 km to the north. These results provide an additional layer of biogeographic knowledge about the unusual flora of the Chic-Chocs and lend some support to the hypothesis that the Chic-Chocs might have been nunataks during the last glacial period. Any Arctic-alpine species occurring in the Chic-Chocs are good candidates for monitoring the effects of climate change, but the 15 lichen species that reach their southeastern limit in this range might be the most vulnerable.

scholarly journals Estimating movement rates between Eurasian and North American birds that are vectors of avian influenza (AI)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fern Spaulding ◽  
Jessica F. McLaughlin ◽  
Travis C. Glenn ◽  
Kevin Winker
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
North American ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Anas Acuta ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Census Size

Avian influenza (AI) is an emerging zoonotic disease that will likely be involved in future pandemics. Because waterbird movements are difficult to quantify, determining the host-specific risk of Eurasian-origin AI movements into North America is challenging. We estimated relative rates of movements, based on long-term evolutionary averages of gene flow, between Eurasian and North American waterbird populations to obtain bidirectional baseline rates of the intercontinental movements of these AI hosts. We used population genomics and coalescent-based demographic models to obtain these gene-flow-based movement estimates. Inferred rates of movement between these populations varies greatly among species. Within dabbling ducks, gene flow, relative to effective population size, varies from ~3-24 individuals/generation between Eurasian and American wigeons (Mareca penelope — M. americana) to ~100-300 individuals/generation between continental populations of northern pintails (Anas acuta). These are evolutionary long-term averages and provide a solid foundation for understanding the relative risks of each of these host species in potential intercontinental AI movements. We scale these values to census size for evaluation in that context. In addition to being AI hosts, many of these species are also important in the subsistence diets of Alaskans, increasing the risk of direct bird-to-human exposure to Eurasian-origin AI virus. We contrast species-specific rates of intercontinental movements with the importance of each species in Alaskan diets to understand the relative risk of these taxa to humans. Greater scaup (Aythya marila), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and northern pintail (Anas acuta) were the top three species presenting the highest risks for intercontinental AI movement both within the natural system and through exposure to subsistence hunters. These directly comparable, species-based intercontinental movement rates and relative risk rankings should help in modeling, monitoring, and mitigating the impacts of intercontinental host and AI movements.

scholarly journals Population Genomic Analyses Reveal Connectivity via Human-Mediated Transport across Populus Plantations in North America and an Undescribed Subpopulation of Sphaerulina musiva

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Tabima ◽  
K. L. Søndreli ◽  
S. Keriö ◽  
N. Feau ◽  
M. L. Sakalidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
North American Population ◽  
The North

Domestication of plant species has affected the evolutionary dynamics of plant pathogens in agriculture and forestry. A model system for studying the consequences of plant domestication on the evolution of an emergent plant disease is the fungal pathogen Sphaerulina musiva. This ascomycete causes leaf spot and stem canker disease of Populus spp. and their hybrids. A population genomics approach was used to determine the degree of population structure and evidence for selection on the North American population of S. musiva. In total, 122 samples of the fungus were genotyped identifying 120,016 single-nucleotide polymorphisms after quality filtering. In North America, S. musiva has low to moderate degrees of differentiation among locations. Three main genetic clusters were detected: southeastern United States, midwestern United States and Canada, and a new British Columbia cluster (BC2). Population genomics suggest that BC2 is a novel genetic cluster from central British Columbia, clearly differentiated from previously reported S. musiva from coastal British Columbia, and the product of a single migration event. Phenotypic measurements from greenhouse experiments indicate lower aggressiveness of BC2 on Populus trichocarpa. In summary, S. musiva has geographic structure across broad regions indicative of gene flow among clusters. The interconnectedness of the North American S. musiva populations across large geographic distances further supports the hypothesis of anthropogenic-facilitated transport of the pathogen.

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