Evidence of early topographic organization in the embryonic olivocerebellar projection: A model system for the study of pattern formation processes in the central nervous system

1993 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Paradies ◽  
Leonard M. Eisenman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Model System ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Topographic Organization ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase expression in fetal rat hippocampal neurons

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM MacKenzie ◽  
M Lai ◽  
CJ Clark ◽  
R Fraser ◽  
CE Gomez-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Local System ◽  
Model System ◽  
Biochemical Reactions ◽  
Aldosterone Synthase ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The central nervous system produces many of the enzymes responsible for corticosteroid synthesis. A model system to study the regulation of this local system would be valuable. Previously, we have shown that primary cultures of hippocampal neurons isolated from the fetal rat can perform the biochemical reactions associated with the enzymes 11beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase. Here, we demonstrate directly that these enzymes are present within primary cultures of fetal rat hippocampal neurons.

Epidural block in local kidney cancer as a way to preserve the adrenal function influencing urine formation processes.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 592-592
Author(s):  
Elena Frantsiyants ◽  
Oleg Ivanovich Kit ◽  
Larisa S. Kozlova ◽  
Dmitry A. Rozenko ◽  
Valeria A. Bandovkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Epidural Block ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Urine Formation

592 Background: Our purpose was to study the dynamics of cortisol (C) and aldosterone (A) in the blood plasma in patients receiving surgery with the epidural block (EB) for local kidney cancer. Methods: 58 patients aged 56.5±8.7 years underwent partial nephrectomy with warm ischemia for 15-20 minutes (EB – 35 patients, standard anesthesia (SA) - 23 patients). EB involved catheterization of the epidural space at Th10-L1 with the following infusion of a mixture of ropivacaine 2 mg/ml and epinephrine 2 μg/ml at 6-10 ml/hr using a syringe doser, intraoperatively and within the first three postoperative days. The levels of C and A were studied by radioimmunoassay in the blood plasma of patients before the surgery (b/s), 40 min after the start of the surgery (40' s/s) and on days 1 and 3 after the surgery (a/s). Results were compared to the levels in the blood plasma of 32 healthy donors (N). Results: C and A exceeded N in all patients b/s (p < 0.01). C increased by an order of magnitude 40' s/s only in SA (p < 0.001), while A increased in all patients, compared to the levels b/s. C decreased by 1.5 times in EB on day 1 a/s; C in SA was similar to the levels b/s; A decreased to similar levels in all patients but was still higher than N by 1.4 times on average (p < 0.01). The C levels remained stable in all patients on day 3; A levels became normal in EB only, while in SA they were 2.1 times lower which caused the loss of salts and fluid. Conclusions: SA affected the regulation of the adrenal function by the central nervous system and urine formation processes in the kidney. In SA, abnormal C and A levels preserve for a longer period of time enhancing the water and salt imbalance in the body. Significant decrease of C and the normalization of A in EB indicate the preservation of the adrenal function influencing urine formation processes in the kidney. In local kidney cancer, it is advisable to use epidural block instead of standard anesthesia as the latter blocks regulatory functions of the central nervous system.

Relative susceptibility of elements of the cerebral cortex to mechanical trauma in the rat

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Model System ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A model system for the study of trauma to elements of the central nervous system is described. It consists of floating samples of cortex (1 mm3) in nutrient medium. After variable amounts of trauma the cortical samples are allowed to grow in tissue culture, or their individual cytoarchitectonic layers are studied metabolically in the Cartesian diver. The results indicate that neurons are the most labile cellular elements when the cerebral cortex is exposed to mechanical trauma. The glia are the next most vulnerable to damage while the fibroblastic series are highly resistant to concussive forces.

The iroquois complex controls the somatotopy of Drosophila notum mechanosensory projections

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (18) ◽  
pp. 3563-3569 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Grillenzoni ◽  
J. van Helden ◽  
C. Dambly-Chaudiere ◽  
A. Ghysen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
External World ◽  
Model System ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Lateral Region ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Sensory neurons can establish topologically ordered projections in the central nervous system, thereby building an internal representation of the external world. We analyze how this ordering is genetically controlled in Drosophila, using as a model system the neurons that innervate the mechanosensory bristles on the back of the fly (the notum). Sensory neurons innervating the medially located bristles send an axonal branch that crosses the central nervous system midline, defining a ‘medial’ identity, while the ones that innervate the lateral bristles send no such branch, defining a ‘lateral’ identity. We analyze the role of the proneural genes achaete and scute, which are involved in the formation of the medial and lateral bristles, and we show that they have no effect on the ‘medial’ and ‘lateral’ identities of the neurons. We also analyze the role of the prepattern genes araucan and caupolican, two members of the iroquois gene complex which are required for the expression of achaete and scute in the lateral region of the notum, and we show that their expression is responsible for the ‘lateral’ identity of the projection.

A model system for in vivo gene transfer into the central nervous system using an adenoviral vector

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly L. Davidson ◽  
Edward D. Allen ◽  
Karen F. Kozarsky ◽  
James M. Wilson ◽  
Blake J. Roessler
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
Model System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
In Vivo Gene Transfer
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document