Selective inhibition by chloramphenicol of ACTH-induced reorganization of inner mitochondrial membranes in fetal adrenal cortical cells in tissue cultures

1970 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvi I. Kahri
Keyword(s):  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Ultrastructural Cytopiasmic Changes of Adrenal Cortex During Pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
Karen Israel ◽  
Jack C. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal steroids are normally synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A via cholesterol. Cholesterol is also shown to enter the adrenal gland and to be localized in the lipid droplets of the adrenal cortical cells. Both pregnenolone and progesterone act as intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. During pregnancy an increased level of plasma cholesterol is known to be associated with an increase of the adrenal corticoid and progesterone. The present study is designed to demonstrate whether the adrenal cortical cells show any dynamic changes during pregnancy.

"STEROID-CELL" ANTIBODY IN ENDOCRINE DISEASES

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kamp ◽  
Per Platz ◽  
Jørn Nerup
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Cell Antibody ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

ABSTRACT By means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique, sera from 116 patients with Addison's disease, an equal number of age and sex matched controls and 97 patients with other endocrine diseases were examined for the occurrence of antibody to steroid-producing cells in ovary, testis and adrenal cortex. Fluorescent staining was observed in the theca cells of growing follicles, the theca lutein cells, testicular Leydig cells and adrenal cortical cells, i. e. cells which contain enzyme systems used in steroid hormone production. The "steroid-cell" antibody was present in 24 % of the patients with idiopathic Addison's disease, equally frequent in males and females, and in 17 % of the patients with tuberculous Addison's disease, but was rarely found in controls, including patients with other endocrine diseases. Female hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism made an exception, since the "steroid-cell" antibody was found in about half the cases with this condition.

scholarly journals Distribution of membrane cholesterol of adrenal cortical cells after corticotropin stimulation

1983 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
O M Conneely ◽  
J M Greene ◽  
D R Headon ◽  
J Hsiao ◽  
F Ungar
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Membrane Cholesterol ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Plasma Membrane Cholesterol ◽  
Corticotropin Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Membrane cholesterol in adrenal cortical cells is enriched in the plasma membrane. Stimulation of isolated adrenal cortical cells with corticotropin leads to the production of corticosterone. At high levels of corticotropin, cholesterol for corticosterone synthesis arises by hydrolysis of cellular cholesteryl ester, whereas at lower levels of corticotropin cholesteryl ester levels are unchanged from control values and there is a decrease in plasma-membrane cholesterol levels.

Diffusion of Fibroblast Growth Factor from a Plaster of Paris Carrier

1991 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rosenblum ◽  
S. Frenkel ◽  
J. Ricci ◽  
H. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Ovarian Granulosa Cells ◽  
Acidic Form ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a polypeptide found in two forms: basic and acidic. The basic form is produced by many more types of cells than the acidic form, although both bind to the same receptor. These proteins act on a variety of mesodermally and ectodermally derived cells, including chondrocytes, glial cells, myoblasts, endothelial cells, cornea and lens epithelia, adrenal cortical cells, ovarian granulosa cells, periosteal fibroblasts, and osteoblasts. Basic FGF was chosen for the present study for a variety of reasons. First, it has significant cross-species homology, with 98.7% correlation between human and both bovine and avian FGF. Less conservation has been observed in the acidic form. In addition, the basic form has been shown to be 30- to 100-fold more potent, depending on the target tissue.

Role of Inhibition in the Specification of Orientation Selectivity of Cells in the Cat Striate Cortex

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Bonds
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Simple Cells ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
Tuning Function

AbstractMechanisms supporting orientation selectivity of cat striate cortical cells were studied by stimulation with two superimposed sine-wave gratings of different orientations. One grating (base) generated a discharge of known amplitude which could be modified by the second grating (mask). Masks presented at nonoptimal orientations usually reduced the base-generated response, but the degree of reduction varied widely between cells. Cells with narrow orientation tuning tended to be more susceptible to mask presence than broadly tuned cells; similarly, simple cells generally showed more response reduction than did complex cells.The base and mask stimuli were drifted at different temporal frequencies which, in simple cells, permitted the identification of individual response components from each stimulus. This revealed that the reduction of the base response by the mask usually did not vary regularly with mask orientation, although response facilitation from the mask was orientation selective. In some sharply tuned simple cells, response reduction had clear local maxima near the limits of the cell's orientation-tuning function.Response reduction resulted from a nearly pure rightward shift of the response versus log contrast function. The lowest mask contrast yielding reduction was within 0.1–0.3 log unit of the lowest contrast effective for excitation.The temporal-frequency bandpass of the response-reduction mechanism resembled that of most cortical cells. The spatial-frequency bandpass was much broader than is typical for single cortical cells, spanning essentially the entire visual range of the cat.These findings are compatible with a model in which weak intrinsic orientation-selective excitation is enhanced in two stages: (1) control of threshold by nonorientation-selective inhibition that is continuously dependent on stimulus contrast; and (2) in the more narrowly tuned cells, orientation-selective inhibition that has local maxima serving to increase the slope of the orientation-tuning function.

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