Integrated Adsorbent Process Optimization for Minimum Cost of Electricity Including Carbon Capture by a VSA Process

In recent years, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Technology (IGCC) has been gaining steady popularity for use in clean coal power operations with carbon capture and sequestration. Great efforts have been continuously spent on investigating various ways to improve the efficiency and further reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of such plants. This study focuses on investigating two approaches to achieve these goals. First, replace the traditional subcritical Rankine steam cycle portion of the overall plant with a supercritical steam cycle. Second, add different amounts of biomass as co-feedstock to reduce carbon footprint as well as SOx and NOx emissions. Employing biomass as a feedstock to generate fuels or power has the advantage of being carbon neutral or even becoming carbon negative if carbon is captured and sequestered. Due to a limited supply of feedstock, biomass plants are usually small, which results in higher capital and production costs. In addition, biomass can only be obtained at specific times in the year, meaning the plant cannot feasibly operate year-round, resulting in fairly low capacity factors. Considering these challenges, it is more economically attractive and less technically challenging to co-combust or co-gasify biomass wastes with coal. The results show that supercritical IGCC the net plant efficiency increases with increased biomass blending in the all cases. For both subcritical and supercritical cases, the efficiency increases initially from 0% to 10% (wt.) biomass, and decreases thereafter. However, the efficiency of the blended cases always remains higher than that of the pure coal baseline cases. The emissions (NOx, SOx, and effective CO2) and the capital cost all decrease as biomass ratio increases, but the cost of electricity increases with biomass ratio due to the high cost of the biomass used. Finally, implementing a supercritical steam cycle is shown to increase the net plant output power by 13% and the thermal efficiency by about 1.6 percentage points (or 4.56%) with a 6.7% reduction in capital cost, and a 3.5% decrease in cost of electricity.

Download Full-text

Rate-Based Process Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis for Ionic-Liquid-Based Post-Combustion Carbon Capture

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ◽

10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (27) ◽

pp. 10242-10258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyeongjun Seo ◽

Calvin Tsay ◽

Bo Hong ◽

Thomas F. Edgar ◽

Mark A. Stadtherr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Ionic Liquid ◽

Process Optimization ◽

Carbon Capture

Download Full-text

Oxy-Fuel Turbomachinery Development for Energy Intensive Industrial Applications

Volume 3: Cycle Innovations; Education; Electric Power; Fans and Blowers; Industrial and Cogeneration ◽

10.1115/gt2012-69988 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebecca Hollis ◽

Patrick Skutley ◽

Carlos Ortiz ◽

Vijo Varkey ◽

Danise LePage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Power Plants ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Department Of Energy ◽

Test Facility ◽

Oxygen Injection ◽

Capital Costs ◽

Cost Of Electricity

Future fossil-fueled power generation systems will require emission control technologies such as carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) to comply with government greenhouse gas regulations. The three prime candidate technologies which permit carbon dioxide (CO2) to be captured and safely stored include pre-combustion, post-combustion capture and oxy-fuel (O-F) combustion. For more than a decade Clean Energy Systems, Inc. (CES) has been designing and demonstrating enabling technologies for oxy-fuel power generation; specifically steam generators, hot gas expanders and reheat combustors. Recently CES has partnered with Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. (FTT) and Siemens Energy, Inc. to develop and demonstrate turbomachinery systems compatible with the unique characteristics of oxy-fuel working fluids. The team has adopted an aggressive, but economically viable development approach to advance turbine technology towards early product realization. Goals include short-term, incremental advances in power plant efficiency and output while minimizing capital costs and cost of electricity. Phase 2 of this development work has been greatly enhanced by a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Under this program the team will design, manufacture and test a commercial-scale intermediate-pressure turbine (IPT) to be used in industrial O-F power plants. These plants will use diverse fuels and be capable of capturing 99% of the produced CO2 at competitive cycle efficiencies and cost of electricity. Initial plants will burn natural gas and generate more than 200MWe with near-zero emissions. To reduce development cost and schedule an existing gas turbine engine will be adapted for use as a high-temperature O-F IPT. The necessary modifications include the replacement of the engine’s air compressor with a thrust balance system and altering the engine’s air-breathing combustion system into a steam reheating system using direct fuel and oxygen injection. Excellent progress has been made to date. FTT has completed the detailed design and issued manufacturing drawings to convert a Siemens SGT-900 to an oxy-fuel turbine (OFT). Siemens has received, disassembled and inspected an SGT-900 B12 and ordered all necessary new components for engine changeover. Meanwhile CES has been working to upgrade an existing test facility to support demonstration of a “simple” oxy-fuel power cycle. Low-power demonstration testing of the newly assembled OFT-900 is expected to commence in late 2012.

Download Full-text

Potential minimum cost of electricity of superconducting coil tokamak power reactors

10.1109/fusion.1989.102219 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

R.L. Reid ◽

Y.-K.M. Peng

Keyword(s):

Minimum Cost ◽

Potential Minimum ◽

Cost Of Electricity ◽

Superconducting Coil

Download Full-text

Optimal Selection of Integrated Electricity Generation Systems for the Power Sector with Low Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13174571 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 4571

Author(s):

Adeel Arif ◽

Muhammad Rizwan ◽

Ali Elkamel ◽

Luqman Hakeem ◽

Muhammad Zaman

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Power Plants ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Co2 Mitigation ◽

Power Sector ◽

Carbon Capture And Sequestration ◽

Cost Of Electricity ◽

The Cost

Cheap and clean energy demand is continuously increasing due to economic growth and industrialization. The energy sectors of several countries still employ fossil fuels for power production and there is a concern of associated emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). On the other hand, environmental regulations are becoming more stringent, and resultant emissions need to be mitigated. Therefore, optimal energy policies considering economic resources and environmentally friendly pathways for electricity generation are essential. The objective of this paper is to develop a comprehensive model to optimize the power sector. For this purpose, a multi-period mixed integer programming (MPMIP) model was developed in a General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) to minimize the cost of electricity and reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Various CO2 mitigation strategies such as fuel balancing and carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) were employed. The model was tested on a case study from Pakistan for a period of 13 years from 2018 to 2030. All types of power plants were considered that are available and to be installed from 2018 to 2030. Moreover, capacity expansion was also considered where needed. Fuel balancing was found to be the most suitable and promising option for CO2 mitigation as up to 40% CO2 mitigation can be achieved by the year 2030 starting from 4% in 2018 for all scenarios without increase in the cost of electricity (COE). CO2 mitigation higher than 40% by the year 2030 can also be realized but the number of new proposed power plants was much higher beyond this target, which resulted in increased COE. Implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) on new power plants also reduced the CO2 emissions considerably with an increase in COE of up to 15%.

Download Full-text