Modeled performance of forage mixtures and annual crops grown in eastern canada under climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Payant ◽  
Guillaume Jégo ◽  
Véronique Ouellet ◽  
Patrick Grenier ◽  
Gaëtan F. Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Forage Mixtures

Seasonal diving and foraging behaviour of Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowhead whales

2020 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
SME Fortune ◽  
SH Ferguson ◽  
AW Trites ◽  
B LeBlanc ◽  
V LeMay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Bowhead Whales ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Dive Behaviour ◽  
Calanus Glacialis ◽  
Canada West

Climate change may affect the foraging success of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus by altering the diversity and abundance of zooplankton species available as food. However, assessing climate-induced impacts first requires documenting feeding conditions under current environmental conditions. We collected seasonal movement and dive-behaviour data from 25 Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowheads instrumented with time-depth telemetry tags and used state-space models to examine whale movements and dive behaviours. Zooplankton samples were also collected in Cumberland Sound (CS) to determine species composition and biomass. We found that CS was used seasonally by 14 of the 25 tagged whales. Area-restricted movement was the dominant behaviour in CS, suggesting that the tagged whales allocated considerable time to feeding. Prey sampling data suggested that bowheads were exploiting energy-rich Arctic copepods such as Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus during summer. Dive behaviour changed seasonally in CS. Most notably, probable feeding dives were substantially shallower during spring and summer compared to fall and winter. These seasonal changes in dive depths likely reflect changes in the vertical distribution of calanoid copepods, which are known to suspend development and overwinter at depth during fall and winter when availability of their phytoplankton prey is presumed to be lower. Overall, CS appears to be an important year-round foraging habitat for bowheads, but is particularly important during the late summer and fall. Whether CS will remain a reliable feeding area for bowhead whales under climate change is not yet known.

Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict?This article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽  
Jennifer Pontius ◽  
David Orwig ◽  
Jeffrey R. Garnas ◽  
Vikki L. Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuisance Species

Climate models project that by 2100, the northeastern US and eastern Canada will warm by approximately 3–5 °C, with increased winter precipitation. These changes will affect trees directly and also indirectly through effects on “nuisance” species, such as insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plants. We review how basic ecological principles can be used to predict nuisance species’ responses to climate change and how this is likely to impact northeastern forests. We then examine in detail the potential responses of two pest species (hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) and forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria Hubner)), two pathogens (armillaria root rot ( Armillaria spp.) and beech bark disease ( Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. + Neonectria spp.)), and two invasive plant species (glossy buckthorn ( Frangula alnus Mill.) and oriental bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)). Several of these species are likely to have stronger or more widespread effects on forest composition and structure under the projected climate. However, uncertainty pervades our predictions because we lack adequate data on the species and because some species depend on complex, incompletely understood, unstable relationships. While targeted research will increase our confidence in making predictions, some uncertainty will always persist. Therefore, we encourage policies that allow for this uncertainty by considering a wide range of possible scenarios.

scholarly journals Territorial Behavior of Short-eared Owls, Asio flammeus, at more than 1000 km North of their Current Breeding Range in Northeastern Canada: Evidence of Range Expansion?

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Jean-François Therrien
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Territorial Behavior ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Asio Flammeus

A pair of Short-eared Owls was observed throughout the summer of 2008 showing territorial behavior more than 1000 km north of their known breeding range in north-eastern Canada. These observations might be related to high lemming densities and/or climate change occurring in the Arctic.

Impact of Climate Change on Drainage Outflow and Water Quality in Eastern Canada

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Dayyani ◽  
Shiv Prasher ◽  
Ali Madani ◽  
Chandra Madramootoo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change

Changing climate, changing forests: The impacts of climate change on forests of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Rustad ◽  
John Campbell ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽  
Thomas Huntington ◽  
Kathy Fallon Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

scholarly journals The role of climate and emission changes in future air quality over southern Canada and northern Mexico

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 3973-3983 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tagaris ◽  
K.-J. Liao ◽  
K. Manomaiphiboon ◽  
S. He ◽  
J.-H. Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Future Emissions ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract. Potential impacts of global climate and emissions changes on regional air quality over southern (western and eastern) Canada and northern Mexico are examined by comparing future summers' (i.e., 2049–2051) average regional O3 and PM2.5 concentrations with historic concentrations (i.e., 2000–2002 summers). Air quality modeling was conducted using CMAQ and meteorology downscaled from the GISS-GCM using MM5. Emissions for North America are found using US EPA, Mexican and Canadian inventories and projected emissions following CAIR and IPCC A1B emissions scenario. Higher temperatures for all sub-regions and regional changes in mixing height, insolation and precipitation are forecast in the 2049-2051 period. Future emissions are calculated to be lower over both Canadian sub-regions, but higher over northern Mexico. Global climate change, alone, is predicted to affect PM2.5 concentrations more than O3 for the projections used in this study: average daily maximum eight (8) hour O3 (M8hO3) concentrations are estimated to be slightly different in all examined sub-regions while average PM2.5 concentrations are estimated to be higher over both Canadian sub-regions (8% over western and 3% over eastern) but 11% lower over northern Mexico. More days are forecast where M8hO3 concentrations are over 75 ppb in all examined sub-regions but the number of days where PM2.5 concentration will be over 15 μg/m3 is projected higher only over western Canada. Climate change combined with the projected emissions lead to greater change in pollutant concentrations: average M8hO3 concentrations are simulated to be 6% lower over western Canada and 8% lower over eastern Canada while average PM2.5 concentrations are simulated to be 5% lower over western Canada and 11% lower over eastern Canada. Although future emissions over northern Mexico are projected higher, pollutant concentrations are simulated to be lower due to US emissions reductions. Global climate change combined with the projected emissions will decrease average M8hO3 4% and PM2.5 17% over northern Mexico. Significant reductions in the number of days where M8hO3 concentrations are over 75 ppb and PM2.5 concentration over 15 μg/m3 are also projected with a significant reduction in peak values.

Assessing market and non-market costs of freshwater flooding due to climate change in the community of Fredericton, Eastern Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 347-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Lantz ◽  
Ryan Trenholm ◽  
Jeff Wilson ◽  
William Richards
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Eastern Canada
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