scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Cycling and Aging on Heated Fiber Metal Laminates and Glass‐Fiber Epoxy Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1800084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel Hagenbeek ◽  
Bernhard Müller ◽  
Jos Sinke
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Fiber Metal

The fracture properties of fiber metal laminates based on a 3D printed glass fiber composite

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572097617
Author(s):  
B Yelamanchi ◽  
E MacDonald ◽  
NG Gonzalez-Canche ◽  
JG Carrillo ◽  
P Cortes
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
High Velocity Impact ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
The Impact

Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) are structures that contain a sequential arrangement of metal and composite materials, which are of great interest to the aerospace sector due to the superior mechanical performance. The traditional manufacturing process for FML involves considerable investment in manufacturing resources depending on the design complexity of the desired components. To mitigate such limitations, 3D printing enables direct digital manufacturing to create FML with customized configurations. In this work, a preliminary mechanical characterization of additively-manufacturing-enabled FML has been investigated. A series of continuous glass fiber-reinforced composites were printed with a Markforged system and placed between layers of aluminum alloy to manufacture hybrid laminate structures. The laminates were subjected to tensile, interfacial fracture toughness, and both low-velocity and high-velocity impact tests. The results showed that the FMLs appear to have a good degree of adhesion at the metal-composite interface, although a limited intralaminar performance was recorded. It was also observed that the low and high-velocity impact performance of the FMLs was improved by 9–13% relative to that of the constituent elements. The impact performance of the FML appeared to be related to the fiber fracture, out of plane perforation and interfacial delamination within the laminates. The present study can provide an initial research foundation for considering 3D printing in the production of hybrid laminates for static and dynamic applications.

The comparison of low-velocity impact resistance of aluminum/carbon and glass fiber metal laminates

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bienias Jaroslaw ◽  
Surowska Barbara ◽  
Jakubczak Patryk
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Fiber Metal

Experimental investigation, statistical modeling and multi-objective optimization of creep age forming of fiber metal laminates

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (11) ◽  
pp. 1389-1398
Author(s):  
M Safari ◽  
M Salamat-Talab ◽  
A Abdollahzade ◽  
A Akhavan-Safar ◽  
LFM da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Spring Back ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Creep Age Forming

The experimental assessment of the creep age forming performance of fiber metal laminates was considered in this study. To this end, different fiber metal laminates with the stacking sequence of [Al/02/Al] were manufactured using aluminum alloy 6061 sheets as skins along with E-glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene and E-glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 as two different cores. Next, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on the impacts of two main parameters in the creep forming process, i.e. the effect of time and temperature on the spring-back properties of deformed fiber metal laminates. Initially, using the design of experiments and based on the response surface methodology, an imposed spring-back of the creep age formed fiber metal laminates was modeled and the governing linear regression equations were derived and verified. Then, to find the best combination yielding the minimum spring-back, the process inputs (time and temperature) were optimized. The results proved that with an increase in either time or temperature, the spring-backs of the two types of creep age formed fiber metal laminates decreased due to the decrease in elastic strains and the increase of creep strains. Also, to achieve a creep age formed fiber metal laminate with minimum spring-back according to multi-objective optimization in both fiber metal laminates, the most proper values of time and temperature should be taken as 6 h and approximately 160°C, respectively.

Response and failure of fiber metal laminates subjected to high strain rate tensile loading

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1489-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankush P Sharma ◽  
Sanan H Khan ◽  
Venkitanarayanan Parameswaran
Keyword(s):  
High Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Fiber Metal

The tensile behavior of fiber metal laminates consisting of layers of aluminum 2024-T3 alloy and glass fiber reinforced composites under high strain rate loading is investigated. Fiber metal laminates having four different layups, but all having the same total metal layer thickness, were fabricated using a combined hand lay-up cum vacuum bagging method. The fiber metal laminate specimens were loaded in high strain rate tension using a split Hopkinson tensile bar. The rate-dependent behavior of the glass fiber composite was also obtained as baseline data. The strain on the gage area of the specimen was measured directly using high-speed digital image correlation. Another high-speed camera was used to capture the sequence of damage by viewing the specimen edgewise. The results indicated that the strength of the fiber metal laminates increased at high strain rates primarily due to the rate-dependent behavior of the composite used. The response was also influenced by the distribution of the metallic layers in the fiber metal laminates. The failure in the case where the individual composite layers were separated by metallic layers was more progressive in nature.

A tensile characterization of random glass fiber/metal laminates composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 085349 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Ammar ◽  
Seif M Osman ◽  
Ebtisam H Hasan ◽  
N A Azab
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Tensile Characterization ◽  
Fiber Metal

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of free vibration analysis on fibre metal composite laminates

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5753-5763
Author(s):  
M. N. M. Merzuki ◽  
M. R. M. Rejab ◽  
M. S. M. Sani ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Ma Quanjin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Free Vibration ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) offer significant improvement over current available materials for structure materials due the excellent mechanical properties. In this work, the dynamical mechanical properties of the carbon fiber/epoxy, glass fiber/epoxy, aluminium 2024-T0, and fiber metal laminates was carried out. The composite materials have been manufactured by hot press machine. Non-destructive testing techniques are being used in the characterization of composite materials. In this work, free vibration analyses by striking an impact hammer at the free end were conducted to determine the dynamic characteristics of the samples. The results show that combination glass fiber/epoxy with aluminium 2024-T0 offer greater natural frequency value compare to carbon fiber/epoxy with aluminium 2024-T0. The laminate thickness of play a dominant role in differences of natural frequency values.    

Drawing potential of fiber metal laminates in hydromechanical forming: A numerical and experimental study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1386-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Saadatfard ◽  
Mahdi Gerdooei ◽  
Abdolhossein Jalali Aghchai
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Fiber Metal

It is known that fiber metal laminates as one of hybrid materials with thin metal sheets and fiber/resin layers have limited formability in conventional forming methods. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study for drawability of glass fiber-reinforced aluminum laminates under hydromechanical drawing technique. Fiber metal laminates comprised of a layer of woven glass fiber-reinforced prepreg, sandwiched between two layers of aluminum alloy. In order to produce fiber metal laminates, the laminates were subjected to a sufficient squeezing pressure under a controlled heating time and temperature by using a hydraulic hot press. A hydromechanical tooling equipped with blank-holder force and fluid pressure control system was used to form the initial circular fiber metal laminate blank. Finally, the effect of parameters such as pre-bulging pressure, final chamber pressure, and drawing ratio on process variables was evaluated. Also, the characteristic curve of hydromechanical drawing of fiber metal laminate i.e. chamber pressure in terms of drawing ratio was achieved by means of experimental tests and numerical simulations. The results showed that the maximum drawing ratio of defect-free fiber metal laminates, namely without any tearing, wrinkling, and delamination was obtained at pre-bulging and chamber pressure of 35 and 80 bar, respectively.

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