The impact resistance of fiber–metal laminates based on glass fiber reinforced polypropylene

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Abdullah ◽  
W.J. Cantwell
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
The Impact

The High Velocity Impact Response of Novel Fiber Metal Laminates

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J. Cantwell ◽  
Graham Wade ◽  
J. Fernando Guillen ◽  
German Reyes-Villanueva ◽  
Norman Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
High Velocity Impact ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Dynamic Loading Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact resistance of a range of novel fiber metal laminates based on polypropylene, polyamide and polyetherimide matrices has been investigated. Initial attention focused on optimizing the interface between the composite and aluminum alloy constituents. Here, it was shown that composite-metal adhesion was excellent in all systems examined. In addition, tests at crosshead displacement rates up to 3 m/s indicated that the interfacial fracture energies remained high under dynamic loading conditions. High velocity impact tests on a series of 3/2 laminates (3 layers of aluminum/2 layers of composite) highlighted the outstanding impact resistance of a number of these systems. The glass fiber reinforced polypropylene system offered a particularly high impact resistance exhibiting a perforation energy of approximately 160 Joules. Here, failure mechanisms such as extensive plastic drawing in the aluminum layers and fiber fracture in the composite plies were found to contribute to the excellent energy-absorbing characteristics of these systems.

Experimental investigation, statistical modeling and multi-objective optimization of creep age forming of fiber metal laminates

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (11) ◽  
pp. 1389-1398
Author(s):  
M Safari ◽  
M Salamat-Talab ◽  
A Abdollahzade ◽  
A Akhavan-Safar ◽  
LFM da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Spring Back ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Creep Age Forming

The experimental assessment of the creep age forming performance of fiber metal laminates was considered in this study. To this end, different fiber metal laminates with the stacking sequence of [Al/02/Al] were manufactured using aluminum alloy 6061 sheets as skins along with E-glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene and E-glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 as two different cores. Next, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on the impacts of two main parameters in the creep forming process, i.e. the effect of time and temperature on the spring-back properties of deformed fiber metal laminates. Initially, using the design of experiments and based on the response surface methodology, an imposed spring-back of the creep age formed fiber metal laminates was modeled and the governing linear regression equations were derived and verified. Then, to find the best combination yielding the minimum spring-back, the process inputs (time and temperature) were optimized. The results proved that with an increase in either time or temperature, the spring-backs of the two types of creep age formed fiber metal laminates decreased due to the decrease in elastic strains and the increase of creep strains. Also, to achieve a creep age formed fiber metal laminate with minimum spring-back according to multi-objective optimization in both fiber metal laminates, the most proper values of time and temperature should be taken as 6 h and approximately 160°C, respectively.

Impact performances and failure modes of glass fiber reinforced polymers in different curvatures and stacking sequences

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110590
Author(s):  
Cihan Kaboglu ◽  
Taha Y Eken ◽  
Yakup Yurekturk
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Stacking Order ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Impact

Recently, glass fiber reinforced polymer composites have been increasingly used in applications which are exposed to impact loads due to their high strength, low weight, and corrosion resistance properties. Therefore, the effect of curvature of composite laminate on their impact resistance is important. In this study, the mechanical properties of three curvature diameters and two stacking sequences, which have not been compared before, were examined and compared. The diameter of curved composites is 760 mm, 380 mm, and 304 mm and flat designated as A, B, C, and D, respectively. The fiber stacking orders are [0/0/-45/+45/90/90]S and [90/90/-45/+45/0/0]S designated as Type 1 and Type 2, respectively. The drop-weight impact tests were performed and failure modes of composites were examined. It was observed that the impact resistance decreases with the increase of curvature, where 760 mm diameter and Type 2 composites had the highest strength in all of the composites. In addition, delamination, fiber breakage, and matrix cracking failure modes were observed in the composites after impact. The reason why the strength decreases as the curvature of the composite increases is that the curved areas create an effect that increases the external force applied. The reason why Type 2 stacking order is more durable than Type 1 stacking order is that the 90° fiber direction in the bottom layer has a damping effect on the applied force. According to the results of this study, composite materials with larger diameter and stacking order starting with 0° provides more mechanical strength. [Formula: see text]

Drawing potential of fiber metal laminates in hydromechanical forming: A numerical and experimental study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1386-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Saadatfard ◽  
Mahdi Gerdooei ◽  
Abdolhossein Jalali Aghchai
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Fiber Metal

It is known that fiber metal laminates as one of hybrid materials with thin metal sheets and fiber/resin layers have limited formability in conventional forming methods. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study for drawability of glass fiber-reinforced aluminum laminates under hydromechanical drawing technique. Fiber metal laminates comprised of a layer of woven glass fiber-reinforced prepreg, sandwiched between two layers of aluminum alloy. In order to produce fiber metal laminates, the laminates were subjected to a sufficient squeezing pressure under a controlled heating time and temperature by using a hydraulic hot press. A hydromechanical tooling equipped with blank-holder force and fluid pressure control system was used to form the initial circular fiber metal laminate blank. Finally, the effect of parameters such as pre-bulging pressure, final chamber pressure, and drawing ratio on process variables was evaluated. Also, the characteristic curve of hydromechanical drawing of fiber metal laminate i.e. chamber pressure in terms of drawing ratio was achieved by means of experimental tests and numerical simulations. The results showed that the maximum drawing ratio of defect-free fiber metal laminates, namely without any tearing, wrinkling, and delamination was obtained at pre-bulging and chamber pressure of 35 and 80 bar, respectively.

Surface Treatment to Promote Joining of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic and AZ31 Magnesium Alloy for Fiber Metal Laminates via Hot Metal Pressing

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Lucia Lizzul ◽  
Marco Sorgato ◽  
Andrea Ghiotti ◽  
Stefania Bruschi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Lap Shear Strength ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal

When fabricating fiber metal laminates, the joining between the metal sheet and the composite is affected by the chemical and mechanical properties at the interface. To this end, this study investigated the influence of different induced-surface characteristics of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets when joint with glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6. The treatments, carried out to modify the AZ31B surfaces, were annealing, sandblasting, and their combination. The mechanical and chemical interlocking at the metal-composite interface was assessed in terms of macroscopic and microscopic defects as well as lap shear strength. The obtained results indicated that the joint effectiveness was mainly affected by the annealing treatment, which induced both a chemical and morphological modification of the surface. The formed oxide layer at the interface, combined with surface topography modification, were capable to increase the lap shear strength up to 87%.

scholarly journals Warpage Reduction of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Using Microcellular Foaming Process Applied Injection Molding

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kim ◽  
Joo Sohn ◽  
Youngjae Ryu ◽  
Shin Kim ◽  
Sung Cha
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Microcellular Foaming ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzes the fundamental principles and characteristics of the microcellular foaming process (MCP) to minimize warpage in glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), which is typically worse than that of a solid polymer. In order to confirm the tendency for warpage and the improvement of this phenomenon according to the glass fiber content (GFC), two factors associated with the reduction of the shrinkage difference and the non-directionalized fiber orientation were set as variables. The shrinkage was measured in the flow direction and transverse direction, and it was confirmed that the shrinkage difference between these two directions is the cause of warpage of GFRP specimens. In addition, by applying the MCP to injection molding, it was confirmed that warpage was improved by reducing the shrinkage difference. To further confirm these results, the effects of cell formation on shrinkage and fiber orientation were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, micro-CT observation, and cell morphology analysis. The micro-CT observations revealed that the fiber orientation was non-directional for the MCP. Moreover, it was determined that the mechanical and thermal properties were improved, based on measurements of the impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and deflection temperature for the MCP.

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