scholarly journals Population-Based Study of Changes in Arthritis Prevalence and Arthritis Risk Factors Over Time: Generational Differences and the Role of Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1818-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Badley ◽  
Mayilee Canizares ◽  
Anthony V. Perruccio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Over Time

Autoimmune hepatitis: the role of environmental risk factors: a population-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing H. Ngu ◽  
Richard B. Gearry ◽  
Chris M. Frampton ◽  
Catherine A. M. Stedman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based Study

scholarly journals Multiple Network Dysconnectivity in Adolescents with Psychotic Experiences: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1608-1618
Author(s):  
Aisling O’Neill ◽  
Eleanor Carey ◽  
Niamh Dooley ◽  
Colm Healy ◽  
Helen Coughlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Neuroimaging Study ◽  
Multiple Network ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Abnormal functional connectivity (FC, the temporal synchronization of activation across distinct brain regions) of the default mode (DMN), salience (SN), central executive (CEN), and motor (MN) networks is well established in psychosis. However, little is known about FC in individuals, particularly adolescents, reporting subthreshold psychotic experiences (PE) and their trajectory over time. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the FC of these networks in adolescents with PE. In this population-based case-control study, 24 adolescents (mean age = 13.58) meeting the criteria for PE were drawn from a sample of 211 young people recruited and scanned for a neuroimaging study, with a follow-up scan 2 years later (n = 18, mean age = 15.78) and compared to matched controls drawn from the same sample. We compared FC of DMN, SN, CEN, and MN regions between PE and controls using whole-brain FC analyses. At both timepoints, the PE group displayed significant hypoconnectivity compared to controls. At baseline, FC in the PE group was decreased between MN and DMN regions. At follow-up, dysconnectivity in the PE group was more widespread. Over time, controls displayed greater FC changes than the PE group, with FC generally increasing between MN, DMN, and SN regions. Adolescents with PE exhibit hypoconnectivity across several functional networks also found to be hypoconnected in established psychosis. Our findings highlight the potential for studies of adolescents reporting PE to reveal early neural correlates of psychosis and support further investigation of the role of the MN in PE and psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals The Impact of Immunization and Use of Oseltamivir on Influenza-Related Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110059
Author(s):  
Vassilis Athanassoglou ◽  
Lauren A. Wilson ◽  
Jiabin Liu ◽  
Jashvant Poeran ◽  
Haoyan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

Background As the COVID-19 pandemic continues into flu season, it is critical to minimize hospitalizations to maximize capacity and preserve critical care resources. We sought to identify risk factors for influenza-related hospitalization, specifically the role of immunization and oseltamivir prescriptions. Methods Patients with influenza diagnoses were identified from the MarketScan database (2014-2018). Primary risk factors of interest were an influenza vaccination within 6 months prior to infection and oseltamivir prescriptions (filled on the day diagnosis, the following day, or 2-5 days). A multivariable logistic regression model was run to identify risk factors for influenza-related hospitalizations within 30 days of diagnosis. Results Among 2 395 498 influenza infections, 0.27% were hospitalized. Of those prescribed oseltamivir the day of diagnosis, 0.13% were later hospitalized, compared to 0.67% among those who filled prescriptions the following day and 11.8% when filled within 2 to 5 days. Upon adjustment, oseltamivir prescriptions filled on the day of diagnosis were associated with significantly decreased odds of hospitalization (OR 0.51 CI 0.48-0.55). Prescriptions filled within 1 to 5 days of diagnosis were associated with significantly increased odds of hospitalization (1 day OR 2.01 CI 1.81-2.24; 2-5 days OR 34.1 CI 31.7-36.6). Flu vaccination was associated with a lower odds for hospitalization (OR 0.84 CI 0.74-0.95). Conclusions We recommend oseltamivir be prescribed to patients when they first present with influenza-like symptoms to reduce the burden on the healthcare system. We also identified reduced odds of hospitalization associated with influenza vaccination, which is already well established, but particularly important this coming flu season.

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