The everyday production of knowledge: individual differences in epistemological understanding and juror-reasoning skill

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weinstock ◽  
Matthew A. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Epistemological Understanding ◽  
Reasoning Skill

Dignity and Respect for Dignity - Two Key Health Professional Values: implications for nursing Practice

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Doctrine Of The Mean ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Other Regarding

It is argued that dignity can be considered both subjectively, taking into account individual differences and idiosyncrasies, and objectively, as the foundation of human rights. Dignity can and should also be explored as both an other-regarding and a self-regarding value: respect for the dignity of others and respect for one’s own personal and professional dignity. These two values appear to be inextricably linked. Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean enables nurses to reflect on the appropriate degree of respect for the dignity of others and of respect for themselves. To develop an understanding of the rationale for and the significance and implications of dignity in health care practice, a view of human nature is proposed that implies vulnerability and fallibility, and that urges that an ethic of aspiration is embraced. Anonymized vignettes are included to illustrate points about the everyday nature of dignity.

Undoing Theory: The “Transgender Question” and the Epistemic Violence of Anglo-American Feminist Theory

Hypatia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Namaste
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The People ◽  
Epistemic Violence ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Impact

For nearly twenty years, Anglo-American feminist theory has posed its own epistemological questions by looking at the lives and bodies of transsexuals and transvestites. This paper examines the impact of such scholarship on improving the everyday lives of the people central to such feminist argumentation. Drawing on indigenous scholarship and activisms, I conclude with a consideration of some central principles necessary to engage in feminist research and theory—to involve marginal people in the production of knowledge and to transform the knowledge-production process itself.

scholarly journals Evidence of Validity for the Portilho/Banas Teaching Style Questionnaire

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (62) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani de Paula Batista ◽  
Evelise Maria Labatut Portilho ◽  
Sueli Édi Rufini
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Teaching Styles ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe use of instruments with evidence of validity in education research brings advances to the production of knowledge. This article reports the stages of a survey of teaching style and the evidence for its validity. One thousand teachers participated in a study of different levels of education. An exploratory factor analysis indicated a structure of four factors in which 55 items had a factorial load greater than .30. The correlation steps made it possible to identify how the four factors are related to each other. As a final result, the questionnaire was composed of 40 items, distributed into groups of 10 items organized by teaching style. Evidence of factorial validity and internal consistency of the items that make up the instrument was seen. Analysis of variance indicated that the scale is sensitive to individual differences in the comparison among the four different teaching styles and the gender and teaching level variables.

scholarly journals Across demographics and recent history, most parents sing to their infants and toddlers daily

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Yan ◽  
Ghazal Jessani ◽  
Elizabeth Spelke ◽  
Peter de Villiers ◽  
Jill de Villiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Child Age

Music is universally prevalent in human society and is a salient component of the lives of young families. Here, we studied the frequency of singing and playing recorded music in the home using surveys of parents with infants (N = 945). We found that most parents sing to their infant on a daily basis, and the frequency of infant-directed singing is unrelated to parents' income or ethnicity. Two reliable individual differences emerged, however: (1) fathers sing less than mothers, and (2) as infants grow older, parents sing less. Moreover, the laer effect of child age was specific to singing and was not reflected in reports of the frequency of playing recorded music. Last, we meta-analyzed reports of the frequency of infant-directed singing and found lile change in its frequency over the last 30 years, despite substantial changes in the technological environment in the home. These findings, consistent with theories of the psychological functions of music, in general, and infant-directed singing, in particular, demonstrate the everyday nature of music in infancy.

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Inter-individual variation shapes the human microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Wissel ◽  
Leigh K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Microbiome Research

Abstract The target article suggests inter-individual variability is a weakness of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research, but we discuss why it is actually a strength. We comment on how accounting for individual differences can help researchers systematically understand the observed variance in microbiota composition, interpret null findings, and potentially improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in future clinical microbiome research.

Why Speech-Language Clinicians Should Be in the Classroom

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Wadle
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Regular Classroom ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Therapy Room

Lack of training is only an excuse for not collaborating outside of the therapy room. With our present training, speech-language clinicians have many skills to share in the regular classroom setting. This training has provided skills in task analysis, a language focus, an appreciation and awareness of individual differences in learning, and motivational techniques.

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