Glass Structure

Glass ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 55-84
Keyword(s):  
Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2626
Author(s):  
Natalia Anna Wójcik ◽  
Sharafat Ali ◽  
Jakub Lech Karczewski ◽  
Bo Jonson ◽  
Michał Bartmański ◽  
...  

Bioactive glasses have recently been extensively used to replace, regenerate, and repair hard tissues in the human body because of their ability to bond with living tissue. In this work, the effects of replacing Na2O with MgO on the electrical, biosolubility, and thermal properties of the target glass 10Na2O–60P2O5–30CaO (in mol%) were investigated. The electrical properties of the glasses were studied with the impedance spectroscopy technique. At 473 K, DC conductivity values decreased from 4.21 × 10−11 to 4.21 × 10−12 S cm−1 after complete substitution of MgO for Na2O. All samples had a similar activation energy of the DC conduction process ~1.27 eV. Conduction mechanisms were found to be due to hop of ions: Na+, Mg2+, and probable H+. FTIR analysis showed that, as the Mg content increased, the Q2 unit (PO2−) shifted towards higher wavenumbers. The proportion of Q3 unit (P2O5) decreased in the glass structure. This confirmed that the replacement of Na+ by Mg2+ was accompanied by concurrent polymerization of the calcium–phosphate glass network. The biosolubility test in the phosphate-buffered saline solution showed that the magnesium addition enhanced the biosolubility properties of Na2O–CaO–P2O5 glasses by increasing their dissolution rate and supporting forming CaP-rich layers on the surface. The glass transition temperature increased, and thermal stability decreased substantially upon substitution of Na2O by MgO.


Author(s):  
Anuraag Gaddam ◽  
Amarnath R. Allu ◽  
Hugo R. Fernandes ◽  
George E. Stan ◽  
Catalin C. Negrila ◽  
...  

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4326
Author(s):  
Pawel Goj ◽  
Aleksandra Wajda ◽  
Pawel Stoch

Iron-phosphate glasses, due to their properties, have many potential applications. One of the most promising seems to be nuclear waste immobilization. Radioactive 90Sr isotope is the main short-lived product of fission and, due to its high solubility, it can enter groundwater and pose a threat to the environment. On the other hand, Sr is an important element in hard tissue metabolic processes, and phosphate glasses containing Sr are considered bioactive. This study investigated the effect of SrO addition on a glass structure of nominal 30Fe2O3-70P2O5 chemical composition using classical molecular dynamics simulations. To describe the interaction between Sr-O ion pairs, new interatomic potential parameters of the Buckingham-type were developed and tested for crystalline compounds. The short-range structure of the simulated glasses is presented and is in agreement with previous experimental and theoretical studies. The simulations showed that an increase in SrO content in the glass led to phosphate network depolymerization. Analysis demonstrated that the non-network oxygen did not take part in the phosphate network depolymerization. Furthermore, strontium aggregation in the glass structure was observed to lead to the non-homogeneity of the glass network. It was demonstrated that Sr ions prefer to locate near to Fe(II), which may induce crystallization of strontium phosphates with divalent iron.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Longfei Zhang

AbstractDirectly manipulating the atomic structure to achieve a specific property is a long pursuit in the field of materials. However, hindered by the disordered, non-prototypical glass structure and the complex interplay between structure and property, such inverse design is dauntingly hard for glasses. Here, combining two cutting-edge techniques, graph neural networks and swap Monte Carlo, we develop a data-driven, property-oriented inverse design route that managed to improve the plastic resistance of Cu-Zr metallic glasses in a controllable way. Swap Monte Carlo, as a sampler, effectively explores the glass landscape, and graph neural networks, with high regression accuracy in predicting the plastic resistance, serves as a decider to guide the search in configuration space. Via an unconventional strengthening mechanism, a geometrically ultra-stable yet energetically meta-stable state is unraveled, contrary to the common belief that the higher the energy, the lower the plastic resistance. This demonstrates a vast configuration space that can be easily overlooked by conventional atomistic simulations. The data-driven techniques, structural search methods and optimization algorithms consolidate to form a toolbox, paving a new way to the design of glassy materials.


1993 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maury E. Morgenstein ◽  
Don L. Shettel

ABSTRACTObsidian and basaltic glass are opposite end-members of natural volcanic glass compositions. Syngenetic and diagenetic tensile failure in basaltic glass (low silica glass) is pervasive and provides abundant alteration fronts deep into the glass structure. Perlitic fracturing in obsidian (high silica glass) limits the alteration zones to an “onion skin” geometry. Borosilicate waste glass behaves similarly to the natural analog of basaltic glass (sideromelane).During geologic time, established and tensile fracture networks form glass cells (a three-dimensional reticulated pattern) where the production of new fracture surfaces increases through time by geometric progression. This suggests that borosilicate glass monoliths will eventually become rubble. Rates of reaction appear to double for every 12C° of temperature increase. Published leach rates suggest that the entire inventory of certain radionuclides may be released during the 10,000 year regulatory time period. Steam alteration prior to liquid attack combined with pervasive deep tensile failure behavior may suggest that the glass waste form is not license defensible without a metallic- and/or ceramic-type composite barrier as an overpack.


2015 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Neyret ◽  
Marion Lenoir ◽  
Agnès Grandjean ◽  
Nicolas Massoni ◽  
Bruno Penelon ◽  
...  

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Stefanovsky ◽  
Igor A. Ivanov ◽  
Anatolii N. Gulin

AbstractTo immobilize a high sulfate radioactive wastes a system Na2O-A12O3-P2O5-SO3 has been chosen as one where glasses have a relatively low melting points and good chemical durability. Glasses within partial system 44 Na2O, 20 A12O3 (36-x) P2O5 x SO3 have been prepared at 1000 °C. A possibility of assimilation up to 12 mole % of SO3 has been established. The basic properties of sulfate-containing glasses as density, microhardness, thermal expansion coefficient, transformation and deformation temperatures, viscosity, electric resistivity, leach rate of ions and diffusion coefficients of 22Na, 35S, 90Sr and 137Cs have been measured. Glass structure by infrared and EPR spectroscopies has been investigated.


2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Meltem Zehra Nevzat ◽  
Cemil Atakara

From the 19th century onwards, glass has been used intensively in buildings. During the design process, the importance of aesthetics is very common for architects in general. The application of glass walls as part of the building’s structure has given flexibility in design together with transparency as well as aesthetics. Structural glass systems have been used in different building types for example office, residential, educational, commercial, transportation, cultural … Beyond the high - rise and high - tech buildings, structural glass systems have been applied also to historic buildings during their conservation process. The adaption of the structural glass system and the opportunity to reuse the existing building are other important aspects to be discussed. In this article, the literature review will be formed with a brief explanation of transparency in contemporary architecture, structural glass systems focusing on ‘suspended glass systems with pre-stressed cable trusses’ (SGSPCT) which has three application methods; 1) between floor systems 2) independent body systems 3) distance bridging systems and the reusability of existing buildings. The ‘between floor system’ which is commonly used as a contemporary solution technique for historic buildings together with its effects, will also be analysed with the help of a case study, Esma Sultan Mansion. This historic building’s present glass structure will be studied to create an alternative proposal less dependent to the existing building. Another case study will be the Ballapais Abbey. Part of this gothic building (the common room) that has collapsed in the past will be analysed. An independent glass structured annex designed with SGSPCT will be proposed giving joint details of the adaptation to the existing building. This case of study is a literature analysis based on books, internet resources, articles and architectural drawings, like plans, sections and details related to the buildings. Both case studies will be proposing an alternative glass structured annex that is focusing on gained transparency and reusability in respect to the existing historic building.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document