Applications of Ultrasonography in Dairy Cattle Reproductive Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill D. Colloton
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Management

Assisted Reproductive Technologies for Decision Support in Reproductive Management of Dairy Cattle in Ke

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Wilkister Nakami ◽  
◽  
Victor Tsuma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Livestock Products

The human population is expected to double in Africa by 2030 and with it a consequent rise in demand for livestock products. Reproductive technologies improve livestock productivity however, uptake of the technologies has been low in Africa, yet this is where there is a dire need for livestock products as the human population surges. This study aimed to assess knowledge extent and understanding the use of assisted reproductive technologies in decision support for reproductive management of dairy cattle in Kenya. Dairy farmers and veterinary practitioners were interviewed using a questionnaire to obtain relevant data on knowledge, attitude and practices in the use of assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management in dairy farms. Observable heat signs was the only method used by participants to ascertain estrus in a cow. Artificial insemination technique was adopted by all farmers as the breeding method of choice. The analysis highlighted that the respondents with low levels of formal education had less knowledge on reproductive technologies and displayed risky practices. Overall, a larger proportion of respondents indicated that the assisted reproductive technologies would be important in reproductive management. The relatively low levels of awareness, higher levels of education and a willingness to use the assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management of dairy cattle strengthen the logic of improving productivity through the application of these assisted reproductive technologies as well as improve levels of awareness of reproductive management practices. Keywords: attitude, heat detection, knowledge, pregnancy diagnosis, practices, progesterone

scholarly journals Dry Period Management and Optimization of Post-Partum Reproductive Management in Dairy Cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gumen ◽  
A Keskin ◽  
G Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu ◽  
E Karakaya ◽  
MC Wiltbank
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Reproductive Management

scholarly journals Reproductive activity of dairy cattle in the postpartum anestrus period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. González-Maldonado ◽  
P. Pérez Hernández ◽  
J. Salazar Ortiz ◽  
C. Cortez Romero ◽  
J. Gallegos-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Exogenous Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
The Individual

Objective: To review the metabolic and hormonal processes that regulate reproductive activity in dairy cattleduring the postpartum anestrus period.Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of scientific documents and systematization of information relatedto the reproductive physiology and management of dairy cattle in postpartum anestrus.Results: Postpartum anestrus is an event that occurs naturally and is necessary for restoration of the homeostasisof the cow’s body following calving. However, failure to reestablish this homeostasis actually increases itsduration and negatively affects the subsequent reproductive performance of the individual cow.Limitations on study/implications: Reproductive management decisions must be based on scientificknowledge.Findings/conclusions: Management of dairy cattle in the postpartum anestrus period should focus onreestablishment of the state of homeostasis and the subsequent reproductive activity, with nutritional andhormonal strategies implemented to induce cyclicity, ovulation and formation of the first corpus luteum in thatperiod, through application of exogenous hormones after day ten postpartum.

THE USE OF RAPID ON-FARM MILK PROGESTERONE TESTS AS AN AID TO REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT IN DAIRY CATTLE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1003
Author(s):  
R. RAJAMAHENDRAN ◽  
B. J. KEELING ◽  
J. ROBINSON ◽  
V. RAVINDRAN
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
On Farm

A field study was conducted in 11 commercial dairy herds to test the accuracy and ease of use of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for on-farm milk progesterone analysis. Milk samples were collected at milking following detection of estrus and on day 21 postbreeding. Progesterone was measured on-farm by producers using an ELISA kit and by a technician in the laboratory using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Of the 256 samples collected at suspected estrus, estrual concentrations of progesterone (≤ 2 ng mL−1) were detected in 246 samples by the farmer and in 253 samples by laboratory analysis. Nonestrual concentrations (> 2 ng mL−1) were detected in 10 samples by the farmer and in three samples by RIA. At 21 d, there was 94% agreement between the two methods in detecting high (> 2 ng mL−1) milk progesterone concentrations (n = 149). The corresponding figure for low (≤ 2 ng mL−1) milk progesterone was 88% (n = 73). Seventy-two percent of the cows with high milk progesterone (by RIA) at 21 d were subsequently diagnosed pregnant by rectal palpation. The overall agreement between ELISA and RIA was 96.6% (453/469 samples). No significant differences were observed among farmers in their ability to perform ELISA tests on-farm. The results indicate that the ELISA kits can be used with ease by producers and are comparable in accuracy to RIA performed in the laboratory for detection/confirmation of estrus and diagnosis on nonpregnant/possibly pregnant cows at 21 d postbreeding. Key words: On-farm tests, progesterone, reproductive management, dairy cattle

scholarly journals The applications of timed artificial insemination and timed embryo transfer in reproductive management of dairy cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl spe) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divakar Justus Ambrose ◽  
Marcos Germán Colazo ◽  
John Patrick Kastelic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

Fertility of dairy cattle is generally decreasing. Overall estrus detection efficiency in lactating dairy cattle is low, as expression of estrus is often compromised. Consequently, undetected estrus, low AI-submission rates, and long inter-breeding intervals are the main contributors to poor reproductive efficiency. Although failure to become pregnant is the most common reason for culling dairy cattle, pregnancy rates could be improved by increasing the AI-submission rate through increased estrus detection efficiency, timed insemination (Timed-AI), or timed embryo transfer (Timed-ET). In these protocols, ovarian follicular development and luteolysis are controlled, culminating in synchronous ovulation in most cows. There are several modifications to improve pregnancy rates in Timed-AI protocols, e.g. presynchronization with 2 doses of PGF2a 14 d apart, and starting the Ovsynch protocol 12 d after the 2nd PGF2a. Timed-AI programs ensure a timely first breeding; this should be followed with early pregnancy diagnosis to identify nonpregnant cows, and prompt re-insemination. However, in a recent field study involving 23 dairy herds, the mean interval between 1st and 2nd breeding was 42 d; only 28% of the cows were rebred within 24 d after 1st breeding. Fortunately, there are several resynchronization protocols to reduce inter-breeding intervals. Anestrus cows, or those with cystic ovarian follicles, have a good chance of conceiving when subjected to synchronization of ovulation and Timed-AI. Furthermore, Timed-ET is a practical and viable option for synchronizing and selecting recipient cattle for embryo transfers. In summary, systematic and judicious use of Timed-AI and Timed-ET protocols can greatly enhance reproductive performance, and improve herd productivity.

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