scholarly journals Plant species, not climate, controls aboveground biomass O2:CO2exchange ratios in deciduous and coniferous ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 2314-2324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan E. Gallagher ◽  
Frasier L. Liljestrand ◽  
William C. Hockaday ◽  
Caroline A. Masiello
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Climate Controls ◽  
Coniferous Ecosystems

scholarly journals Effects of Different Grazing Systems on Aboveground Biomass and Plant Species Dominance in Typical Chinese and Mongolian Steppes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yintai Na ◽  
Jinxia Li ◽  
Buho Hoshino ◽  
Saixialt Bao ◽  
Fuying Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Mongolian Grassland ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

This study investigated the effects of different grazing systems on plant communities, and examined the causes of Mongolian grassland desertification. The typical steppes near the Chinese-Mongolian border were studied using quadrat sampling and remote sensing methods. Aboveground biomass in the steppe areas differed significantly among the three grazing systems (p < 0.05): Biomass in the grazing-prohibited areas (455.9 g) was greater than that in the rotational-grazing areas (268.4 g) and the continuous grazing areas (122.2 g). Aboveground biomass was well correlated with the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI; y = 5600x2 + 260x + 110; R2 = 0.67; p < 0.05). The relative mean deviation between the aboveground biomass was calculated using this regression and the measured biomass was 29.1%. The Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) values for nomadic-grazing areas were greater than those for continuous-grazing areas in 1989, 2005, 2011, and 2016, and were significantly greater in 2011 and 2016. The SAVI values for the continuous-grazing areas were slightly, but not significantly greater, than those for the nomadic-grazing areas in 1993. Plant species that dominated in moderately degraded areas were most dominant in nomadic-grazing areas, followed by continuous-grazing areas and grazing-prohibited areas. Plant species that dominated in lightly and heavily degraded areas were most dominant in continuous-grazing areas, followed by nomadic-grazing areas and grazing-prohibited areas. Generally, continuous grazing caused more serious grassland degradation than did nomadic grazing, and nomadic-grazing areas tolerated more intense grazing than did continuous-grazing areas.

Increased precipitation magnifies the effects of N addition on performance of invasive plants in subtropical native communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Qin Li ◽  
Sai-Chun Tang ◽  
Yu-Mei Pan ◽  
Chun-Qiang Wei ◽  
Shi-Hong Lü
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Native Communities

Abstract Aims Nitrogen (N) deposition, precipitation and their interaction affect plant invasions in temperate ecosystems with limiting N and water resources, but whether and how they affect plant invasions in subtropical native communities with abundant N and precipitation remains unclear. Methods We constructed in situ artificial communities with 12 common native plant species in a subtropical system and introduced four common invasive plant species and their native counterparts to these communities. We compared plant growth and establishment of introduced invasive species and native counterparts in communities exposed to ambient (CK), N addition (N+), increased precipitation (P+) and N addition plus increased precipitation (P+N+). We also investigated the density and aboveground biomass of communities under such conditions. Important Findings P+ alone did not enhance the performance of invasive species or native counterparts. N+ enhanced only the aboveground biomass and relative density of invasive species. P+N+ enhanced the growth and establishment performance of both invasive species and native counterparts. Most growth and establishment parameters of invasive species were greater than those of native counterparts under N+, P+ and P+N+ conditions. The density and aboveground biomass of native communities established by invasive species were significantly lower than those of native communities established by native counterparts under P+N+ conditions. These results suggest that P+ may magnify the effects of N+ on performance of invasive species in subtropical native communities where N and water are often abundant, which may help to understand the effect of global change on plant invasion in subtropical ecosystems.

scholarly journals Enhanced Community Production rather than Structure Improvement under Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition in Severely Degraded Alpine Meadows

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zong ◽  
Peili Shi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
N Addition ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Addition ◽  
Alpine Meadows ◽  
P Fertilizer

Fertilization is a common management measure for the restoration of degraded grasslands. In order to investigate whether fertilization can improve the severely degraded alpine meadows, we conducted a fertilization experiment on the Tibetan Plateau that began in 2008. The treatments were nitrogen (N) addition alone (50 kg N ha−1 year−1, LN; 100 kg N ha−1 year−1, HN) or combined with phosphorus (P) fertilizer [(50 kg N + 50 kg P) ha−1 year−1, LN+P; (100 kg N + 50 kg P) ha−1 year−1, HN + P] in a severely degraded alpine meadow. Eleven consecutive years of N and P fertilization did not significantly change plant species richness, while fertilization reduced the plant species diversity index, with the most significant reduction in HN and HN + P treatments. LN + P and HN + P treatments greatly increased community coverage and aboveground biomass, while N addition alone, especially the HN treatment, significantly reduced community coverage and aboveground biomass. Fertilization had no effect on edible pastures, while N and P fertilization significantly increased the biomass of forbs. The proportion of forbs to total aboveground biomass was more than 90%, and fertilization had no effect on this proportion. This shows that forbs still have an absolute advantage in the community. In addition, HN, LN + P, and HN + P treatments significantly reduced ecosystem stability. Community aboveground biomass was greatly enhanced in the N and P fertilization treatments, and this was beneficial for the ecosystem quality and soil hydrological functioning. However, fertilization treatments did not improve the community structure with either N addition alone or combined with P fertilizer, which was of little significance in providing forages for the sustainable development of livestock husbandry. To improve the structure of severely degraded alpine grasslands, it is necessary to combine other measures such as cutting the roots of forbs, fencing, or reseeding.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Native and Cultivated Plant Species in a Lead Recycling Area in Vietnam

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Chu ◽  
Tu Vu ◽  
Tam Nguyen ◽  
Ha Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Lead Recycling

This study was conducted to determine the soil contamination and the accumulation of arsenic (As) and heavy metals including chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in 15 native and cultivated plant species in a Pb recycling area of Dong Mai village, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam. The analysis of 32 soil samples collected from seven different sites in the study area revealed that the contents of Al, Fe, As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the soils ranged from 6200–32,600, 11,300–55,500, 5.4–26.8, 24.9–290, 66.0–252, 143–455, 0.71–1.67, and 370–47,400 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in rice grains and the shoots of 15 plant species ranged from 0.14–10.2, 1.00–10.2, 5.19–23.8, 34.7–165, 0.06–0.99, and 2.83–1160 mg/kg-dry weight (DW), respectively. Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland, a potential hyperaccumulator of Pb (1160 mg/kg–DW), is considered the best candidate for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil. The cultivation of rice and vegetables, and the use of some native plants for food for humans, pigs, and cattle should be managed with consideration of the accumulation of Pb in their aboveground biomass.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Nutrient Heterogeneity on the Growth and Invasion Success of Alien Plants: A Multi-Species Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Lei Gao ◽  
Qiao-Sheng He ◽  
Yi-Dan Zhang ◽  
Jia-Hui Hou ◽  
Fei-Hai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Nutrient Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Nutrient Heterogeneity

Spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrient availability can influence performance of invasive plant species under competition-free environments. However, little was known about whether invasive plants perform better under heterogeneous than under homogeneous soil nutrient conditions in competition with native plant communities. We conducted a multi-species greenhouse experiment to test the effect of soil nutrient heterogeneity on the growth and invasion success of alien plants in a native plant community. We grew ten alien invasive plant species that are common in China under a homogeneous or heterogeneous environment alone or together with a community consisting of six native plant species from China. Compared with the homogeneous soil condition, the heterogeneous soil condition significantly increased aboveground biomass of the invasive plants. However, soil nutrient heterogeneity did not affect the relative abundance of the invasive species, as measured by the ratio of aboveground biomass of the invasive species to total aboveground biomass of the whole community. There were no significant interactive effects of soil nutrient heterogeneity and competition from the native community on aboveground biomass of the invasive plants and also no significant effects of soil nutrient heterogeneity on its relative abundance. Our results indicate that soil nutrient heterogeneity has a positive effect on the growth of invasive plants in general, but do not support the idea that soil nutrient heterogeneity favors the invasion success of exotic plant species in native plant communities.

scholarly journals Feeding Ecology of Canada Geese (Branta Canadensis Interior) in Sub-Arctic Inland Tundra During Brood-Rearing

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Cadieux ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
R. John Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Branta Canadensis Interior ◽  
Sedge Meadows

AbstractThe diet of adult Canada Geese (Branta canadensis interior) and their goslings was determined during the brood-rearing season in a freshwater tundra habitat using esophageal contents from 25 adult females, 27 adult males, and 59 goslings. Habitat use by geese and the availability and quality of aboveground biomass in wet sedge meadows and around ponds in lichen-heath tundra were also evaluated throughout the summer. During the first four weeks of brood-rearing, adult Canada Geese ate primarily graminoids (>65%), especially leaves of the short form of Carex aquatilis and Eriophorum spp., which had the highest nitrogen concentration (2.5–3.5%). Although graminoids were also important for goslings, they consumed a greater variety of other plant species (68%) than adults, especially in the first two weeks, possibly because of their inexperience. Late in the brood-rearing period, as the nitrogen concentration of graminoid plants declined, adults shifted to a diet composed mainly of berries (>40%, mostly Empetrum nigrum). At that time, goslings consumed fewer berries (24%) and maintained a higher proportion of nitrogen-rich plants in their diet (53% leaves, mostly graminoids) than adults, presumably to complete their growth. Plant species consumed by geese over the summer indicated a preference for high-quality plants (i.e. those with a high nitrogen concentration). Consequently, wet sedge meadow, the habitat that offered plant species of highest quality, was the habitat most heavily used throughout the summer, particularly around peak hatch. Goose grazing had no effect on seasonal production of aboveground biomass of graminoids, probably because of the relatively low density of the goose population.Écologie alimentaire de Branta canadensis interior pendant la période d’élevage des jeunes dans un milieu d’eau douce sub-arctique

scholarly journals Leaf Traits and Aboveground Biomass Variability of Forest Understory Herbaceous Plant Species

Ecosystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Paź-Dyderska ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Piotr Szwaczka ◽  
Marta Brzezicha ◽  
Karolina Bigos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Biomass Variability
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