Long-term trends in precipitation and precipitation extremes and underlying mechanisms in the U.S. Great Basin during 1951-2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 6152-6169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Xue ◽  
Guoping Tang ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Yuzhen Wu ◽  
Yonglin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends in Downwelling Spectral Infrared Radiance over the U.S. Southern Great Plains

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 4831-4843 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jonathan Gero ◽  
David D. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Thin Cloud ◽  
The U.S

Abstract A trend analysis was applied to a 14-yr time series of downwelling spectral infrared radiance observations from the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) located at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) site in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. The highly accurate calibration of the AERI instrument, performed every 10 min, ensures that any statistically significant trend in the observed data over this time can be attributed to changes in the atmospheric properties and composition, and not to changes in the sensitivity or responsivity of the instrument. The measured infrared spectra, numbering more than 800 000, were classified as clear-sky, thin cloud, and thick cloud scenes using a neural network method. The AERI data record demonstrates that the downwelling infrared radiance is decreasing over this 14-yr period in the winter, summer, and autumn seasons but it is increasing in the spring; these trends are statistically significant and are primarily due to long-term change in the cloudiness above the site. The AERI data also show many statistically significant trends on annual, seasonal, and diurnal time scales, with different trend signatures identified in the separate scene classifications. Given the decadal time span of the dataset, effects from natural variability should be considered in drawing broader conclusions. Nevertheless, this dataset has high value owing to the ability to infer possible mechanisms for any trends from the observations themselves and to test the performance of climate models.

Long-term Trends in Antidiabetes Drug Usage in the U.S.: Real-world Evidence in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Montvida ◽  
Jonathan Shaw ◽  
John J. Atherton ◽  
Frances Stringer ◽  
Sanjoy K. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends in Intra-Financial Sector Lending in the U.S. 1950 - 2012

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Montecino ◽  
Iren Levina ◽  
Gerald Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Financial Sector ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Difference in Long-Term Trends in COPD Mortality between China and the U.S., 1992–2017: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyu Wen ◽  
Cong Xie ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yafeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Copd Mortality ◽  
The U.S

Complications due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death in China and the United States (U.S.). This study aimed to investigate the long-term trends in COPD mortality in China and the U.S. using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) and explore the age, period, and cohort effects independently by sex under the age–period–cohort (APC) framework. Taking the age group 40–44 years old, the period 1992–1996, and the birth cohort 1913–1917 as reference groups, we found that the age relative risks (RRs) of COPD mortality increased exponentially in both China and the U.S., the period RRs increased in the U.S. but decreased in China; and the cohort RRs showed an overall downward trend in both China and the U.S. with the year of birth. From 1992 to 2017, the increased RRs of COPD mortality in the U.S. was mainly attributable to the increased prevalence of smoking before 1965, while the decreased RRs of COPD mortality in China was mainly attributable to reduced air pollution as well as improvements in medical technology and more accessible health services. Reducing tobacco consumption may be the most effective and feasible way to prevent COPD in China. However, we also need to pay more attention to COPD in nonsmokers in the future.

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