scholarly journals Distal Enhanced Sedimentation From Volcanic Plumes: Insights From the Secondary Mass Maxima in the 1992 Mount Spurr Fallout Deposits

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 7679-7697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Eychenne ◽  
Alison C. Rust ◽  
Katharine V. Cashman ◽  
Wolfram Wobrock
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Mount Spurr

scholarly journals Galileo observations of volcanic plumes on Io

Icarus ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Geissler ◽  
M.T. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Plumes

scholarly journals Differences in the Evolution of Pyrocumulonimbus and Volcanic Stratospheric Plumes as Observed by CATS and CALIOP Space-Based Lidars

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Kenneth Christian ◽  
John Yorks ◽  
Sampa Das
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Altitude Dependence ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Spatial Propagation ◽  
Depolarization Ratios

Recent fire seasons have featured volcanic-sized injections of smoke aerosols into the stratosphere where they persist for many months. Unfortunately, the aging and transport of these aerosols are not well understood. Using space-based lidar, the vertical and spatial propagation of these aerosols can be tracked and inferences can be made as to their size and shape. In this study, space-based CATS and CALIOP lidar were used to track the evolution of the stratospheric aerosol plumes resulting from the 2019–2020 Australian bushfire and 2017 Pacific Northwest pyrocumulonimbus events and were compared to two volcanic events: Calbuco (2015) and Puyehue (2011). The pyrocumulonimbus and volcanic aerosol plumes evolved distinctly, with pyrocumulonimbus plumes rising upwards of 10 km after injection to altitudes of 30 km or more, compared to small to modest altitude increases in the volcanic plumes. We also show that layer-integrated depolarization ratios in these large pyrocumulonimbus plumes have a strong altitude dependence with more irregularly shaped particles in the higher altitude plumes, unlike the volcanic events studied.

scholarly journals Uncertainty analysis of a model of wind-blown volcanic plumes

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Woodhouse ◽  
Andrew J. Hogg ◽  
Jeremy C. Phillips ◽  
Jonathan C. Rougier
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Plumes

scholarly journals Detection of Volcanic Plumes by GPS: the 23 November 2013 Episode on Mt. Etna

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Aranzulla ◽  
Flavio Cannavò ◽  
Simona Scollo
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Gps Network ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Aviation Operations

<p>The detection of volcanic plumes produced during explosive eruptions is important to improve our understanding on dispersal processes and reduce risks to aviation operations. The ability of Global Position-ing System (GPS) to retrieve volcanic plumes is one of the new challenges of the last years in volcanic plume detection. In this work, we analyze the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) data from 21 permanent stations of the GPS network of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo, that are located on the Mt. Etna (Italy) flanks. Being one of the most explosive events since 2011, the eruption of November 23, 2013 was chosen as a test-case. Results show some variations in the SNR data that can be correlated with the presence of an ash-laden plume in the atmosphere. Benefits and limitations of the method are highlighted.</p>

Electrostatics and In Situ Sampling of Volcanic Plumes

Volcanic Ash ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Aplin ◽  
A.J. Bennett ◽  
R.G. Harrison ◽  
I.M.P. Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Plumes

A global perspective on Bromine monoxide composition in volcanic plumes derived from three years of S5-P/TROPOMI data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Warnach ◽  
Holger Sihler ◽  
Christian Borger ◽  
Nicole Bobrowski ◽  
Stefan Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Perspective ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Volcanic Events ◽  
Global Coverage

&lt;p&gt;Bromine monoxide (BrO) is a halogen radical capable of influencing atmospheric chemical processes, in particular the abundance of ozone, e. g. in the troposphere of polar regions, the stratosphere as well as in volcanic plumes. Furthermore, the molar bromine to sulphur ratio in volcanic gas emissions is a proxy for the magmatic composition of a volcano and potentially an eruption forecast parameter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The high spatial resolution of the S5-P/TROPOMI instrument (up to 3.5x5.5km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and its daily global coverage offer the potential to detect BrO even during minor eruptions and also to determine BrO/SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ratios during continuous passive degassing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we present a global overview of BrO/SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; molar ratios in volcanic plumes derived from a systematic long-term investigation of three years of TROPOMI data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We retrieved column densities of BrO and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and calculated mean BrOSO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; molar ratios for each volcano. As expected, the calculated BrO/SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; molar ratios differ strongly between different volcanoes ranging from several 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt; up to several 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt;. In our study of three years of S5P/TROPOMI data we successfully recorded elevated BrO column densities for more than 100 volcanic events and were able to derive meaningful (coefficient of determination, R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; exceeding 0.5) BrO/SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ratios for multiple volcanoes.&lt;/p&gt;

The Four Stage Development of Starting Turbulent Buoyant Plumes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Tran ◽  
Kiran Bhaganagar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Vortex Identification ◽  
Buoyant Plumes ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Turbulence Structures ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
High Reynolds

Abstract Turbulent heated and buoyant plumes have important applications in the atmosphere such as wildland fire plumes, volcanic plumes, and chemical plumes. The purpose of the study is to analyze the turbulence structures, and to understand the stages of the development of the starting turbulent plumes. For this purpose, data generated from an in-house Weather Research Forecast model coupled with Large-eddy simulation (WRF-bLES) with two-way feedback between the buoyant plume and the atmosphere developed has been used. The release of both dense gases (Co2, So2) and, buoyant gases (He, NH3, heated air) from a circular source at the bottom of the domain have been investigated. The simulations of the axisymmetric plume were performed at a high Reynolds number of 108. Vortex Identification methods were used to extract the Coherent structures and the large-scale features of the flow. The results have demonstrated that both the dense and the buoyant heated plumes with different initial characters exhibited universal characteristics and the development of the starting plumes occurred in four characteristic stages: Stage 1 is the plume acceleration stage, followed by stage 2 which corresponds to the formation of the head of the plume which grows spatially. Stage 3 is when the plume head is fully formed and the flow transitions to quasi-steady-state behavior. The final stage is the fully developed plume. The identification of the four-stage development of the plume in the neutral environment is the first step in studying the turbulent heated and buoyant plumes development in order to characterize realistic plumes and to quantify the extent of mixing at each of these stages. This work has important contributions to fundamental fluid dynamics of buoyant plumes with implications on forecasting the plume trajectory of smoke, wildland fire, and volcanic plumes.

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