Particulate matter and black carbon optical properties and emission factors from prescribed fires in the southeastern United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 3465-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amara L. Holder ◽  
Gayle S. W. Hagler ◽  
Johanna Aurell ◽  
Michael D. Hays ◽  
Brian K. Gullett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Prescribed Fires

Optical properties and source identification of black carbon and brown carbon: comparison of winter and summer haze episodes in Xi'an, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2058-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Zhenxing Shen ◽  
Yali Lei ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Yaling Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Insight Into

Summer and winter fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected to provide insight into the seasonal variations of the optical properties and source profiles of PM2.5 black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) in Xi'an, China.

scholarly journals Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 527-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kaiser ◽  
A. Heil ◽  
M. O. Andreae ◽  
A. Benedetti ◽  
N. Chubarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
Assimilation System ◽  
Fire Radiative Power

Abstract. The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.0) calculates biomass burning emissions by assimilating Fire Radiative Power (FRP) observations from the MODIS instruments onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. It corrects for gaps in the observations, which are mostly due to cloud cover, and filters spurious FRP observations of volcanoes, gas flares and other industrial activity. The combustion rate is subsequently calculated with land cover-specific conversion factors. Emission factors for 40 gas-phase and aerosol trace species have been compiled from a literature survey. The corresponding daily emissions have been calculated on a global 0.5° × 0.5° grid from 2003 to the present. General consistency with the Global Fire Emission Database version 3.1 (GFED3.1) within its accuracy is achieved while maintaining the advantages of an FRP-based approach: GFASv1.0 makes use of the quantitative information on the combustion rate that is contained in the FRP observations, and it detects fires in real time at high spatial and temporal resolution. GFASv1.0 indicates omission errors in GFED3.1 due to undetected small fires. It also exhibits slightly longer fire seasons in South America and North Africa and a slightly shorter fire season in Southeast Asia. GFASv1.0 has already been used for atmospheric reactive gas simulations in an independent study, which found good agreement with atmospheric observations. We have performed simulations of the atmospheric aerosol distribution with and without the assimilation of MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD). They indicate that the emissions of particulate matter need to be boosted by a factor of 2–4 to reproduce the global distribution of organic matter and black carbon. This discrepancy is also evident in the comparison of previously published top-down and bottom-up estimates. For the time being, a global enhancement of the particulate matter emissions by 3.4 is recommended. Validation with independent AOD and PM10 observations recorded during the Russian fires in summer 2010 show that the global Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Change (MACC) aerosol model with GFASv1.0 aerosol emissions captures the smoke plume evolution well when organic matter and black carbon are enhanced by the recommended factor. In conjunction with the assimilation of MODIS AOD, the use of GFASv1.0 with enhanced emission factors quantitatively improves the forecast of the aerosol load near the surface sufficiently to allow air quality warnings with a lead time of up to four days.

Predicting litter and live herb fuel consumption during prescribed fires in native and old-field upland pine communities of the southeastern United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1611-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Reid ◽  
Kevin M. Robertson ◽  
Tracy L. Hmielowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Fuel Loads

The ability to predict fuel consumption during fires is essential for a wide range of applications, including estimation of fire effects and fire emissions. This project identified predictors of fuel consumption for the dominant fuel bed components (litter (<0.6-cm diameter dead material) and live herbs) during 217 prescribed fires in native longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) and old-field loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) – shortleaf pine ( Pinus echinata Mill.) communities in the southeastern United States. Additionally, these data were used to validate the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) fuel consumption computer model using custom and default fuel loads. Regression models using empirical data suggested that litter and live herb fuel consumption can be predicted by prefire litter and live herb fuel loads, litter and live herb fuel moisture, litter fuel bed bulk density, season of burn, years since fire, days since last rain ≥0.64 cm, relative humidity, energy release component, community type, pine and hardwood basal areas, and the Keetch–Byram drought index. FOFEM’s prediction of fuel consumption for litter, live herbs, and duff combined using default fuel loads was 1.5 times the measured fuel consumption (where duff fuel load was zero). Refinement of FOFEM’s fuel load and consumption calculations in the studied community types using the newly collected data and suggestions for model improvement would provide more accurate air quality inventories and assist in guiding appropriate regulation of prescribed fire.

scholarly journals Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7339-7398 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kaiser ◽  
A. Heil ◽  
M. O. Andreae ◽  
A. Benedetti ◽  
N. Chubarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
Assimilation System ◽  
Fire Radiative Power

Abstract. The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFASv1.0) calculates biomass burning emissions by assimilating Fire Radiative Power (FRP) observations from the MODIS instruments onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. It corrects for gaps in the observations, which are mostly due to cloud cover, and filters spurious FRP observations of volcanoes, gas flares and other industrial activity. The combustion rate is subsequently calculated with land cover-specific conversion factors. Emission factors for 40 gas-phase and aerosol trace species have been compiled from a literature survey. The corresponding daily emissions have been calculated on a global 0.5° × 0.5° grid from 2003 to the present. General consistency with the Global Fire Emission Database version 3.1 (GFED3.1) within its accuracy is achieved while maintaining the advantages of an FRP-based approach: GFASv1.0 makes use of the quantitative information on the combustion rate that is contained in the observations, and it detects fires in real time at high spatial and temporal resolution. GFASv1.0 indicates omission errors in GFED3.1 due to undetected small fires. It also exhibits slightly longer fire seasons in South America and North Africa and a slightly shorter fire season in Southeast Asia. GFASv1.0 has already been used for atmospheric reactive gas simulations in an independent study, which found good agreement with atmospheric observations. We have performed simulations of the atmospheric aerosol distribution with and without the assimilation of MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD). They indicate that the emissions of particulate matter need to be boosted with a factor of 2–4 to reproduce the global distribution of organic matter and black carbon. This discrepancy is also evident in the comparison of previously published top-down and bottom-up estimates. For the time being, a global enhancement of the particulate matter emissions by 3.4 is recommended. Validation with independent AOD and PM10 observations recorded during the Russian fires in summer 2010 show that the global Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Change (MACC) aerosol model with GFASv1.0 aerosol emissions captures the smoke plume evolution well when organic matter and black carbon are enhanced by the recommended factor. In conjunction with the assimilation of MODIS AOD, the use of GFASv1.0 with enhanced emission factors quantitatively improves the forecast of the aerosol load near the surface sufficiently to allow air quality warnings with a lead time of up to four days.

Impacts of Prescribed Fires on Air Quality over the Southeastern United States in Spring Based on Modeling and Ground/Satellite Measurements

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (22) ◽  
pp. 8401-8406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zeng ◽  
Yuhang Wang ◽  
Yasuko Yoshida ◽  
Di Tian ◽  
Amistead G. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Satellite Measurements

Historic PM2.5/PM10 Concentrations in the Southeastern United States—Potential Implications of the Revised Particulate Matter Standard

1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1060-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Parkhurst ◽  
Roger L. Tanner ◽  
Frances P. Weatherford ◽  
Ralph J. Valente ◽  
James F. Meagher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Southeastern United States
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