scholarly journals External total alkalinity loads versus internal generation: The influence of nonriverine alkalinity sources in the Baltic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1358-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gustafsson ◽  
Teresia Wällstedt ◽  
Christoph Humborg ◽  
Carl-Magnus Mörth ◽  
Bo G. Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Internal Generation

Distribution and biogeochemical control of total CO2 and total alkalinity in the Baltic Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beldowski ◽  
A. Löffler ◽  
B. Schneider ◽  
L. Joensuu
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Sedimentary alkalinity generation and long-term alkalinity development in the Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gustafsson ◽  
Mathilde Hagens ◽  
Xiaole Sun ◽  
Daniel C. Reed ◽  
Christoph Humborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Enhanced release of alkalinity from the seafloor, principally driven by anaerobic degradation of organic matter under low-oxygen conditions and associated secondary redox reactions, can increase the carbon dioxide (CO2) buffering capacity of seawater and therefore oceanic CO2 uptake. The Baltic Sea has undergone severe changes in oxygenation state and total alkalinity (TA) over the past decades. The link between these concurrent changes has not yet been investigated in detail. A recent system-wide TA budget constructed for the past 50 years using BALTSEM, a coupled physical-biogeochemical model for the whole Baltic Sea area, revealed an unknown TA source. Here we use BALTSEM in combination with observational data and one-dimensional reactive transport modelling of sedimentary processes in the Fårö Deep, a deep Baltic Sea basin, to test whether sulfate reduction coupled to iron (Fe) sulfide burial can explain the missing TA source in the Baltic Proper. We calculated that this burial can account for 26 % of the missing source in this basin, with the remaining TA possibly originating from unknown river inputs or submarine groundwater discharge. We also show that temporal variability in the input of Fe to the sediments since the 1970s drives changes in sulfur burial in the Fårö Deep, suggesting that Fe availability is the ultimate limiting factor for TA generation under anoxic conditions. The implementation of projected climate change and two nutrient load scenarios for the 21st century in BALTSEM shows that reducing nutrient loads will improve deep water oxygen conditions, but at the expense of lower surface water TA concentrations, CO2 buffering capacities and faster acidification. When these changes additionally lead to a decrease in Fe inputs to the sediment of the deep basins, anaerobic TA generation will be reduced even further, thus exacerbating acidification. This work highlights that Fe dynamics play a key role in the release of TA from sediments where Fe sulfide formation is limited by Fe availability, as exemplified for the Baltic Sea. Moreover, it demonstrates that burial of Fe sulfides should be included in TA budgets of low oxygen basins.

scholarly journals Sedimentary alkalinity generation and long-term alkalinity development in the Baltic Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gustafsson ◽  
Mathilde Hagens ◽  
Xiaole Sun ◽  
Daniel C. Reed ◽  
Christoph Humborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Enhanced release of alkalinity from the seafloor, principally driven by anaerobic degradation of organic matter under low-oxygen conditions and associated secondary redox reactions, can increase the carbon dioxide (CO2) buffering capacity of seawater and therefore oceanic CO2 uptake. The Baltic Sea has undergone severe changes in oxygenation state and total alkalinity (TA) over the past decades. The link between these concurrent changes has not yet been investigated in detail. A recent system-wide TA budget constructed for the past 50 years using BALTSEM, a coupled physical–biogeochemical model for the whole Baltic Sea area revealed an unknown TA source. Here we use BALTSEM in combination with observational data and one-dimensional reactive-transport modeling of sedimentary processes in the Fårö Deep, a deep Baltic Sea basin, to test whether sulfate (SO42-) reduction coupled to iron (Fe) sulfide burial can explain the missing TA source in the Baltic Proper. We calculated that this burial can account for up to 26 % of the missing source in this basin, with the remaining TA possibly originating from unknown river inputs or submarine groundwater discharge. We also show that temporal variability in the input of Fe to the sediments since the 1970s drives changes in sulfur (S) burial in the Fårö Deep, suggesting that Fe availability is the ultimate limiting factor for TA generation under anoxic conditions. The implementation of projected climate change and two nutrient load scenarios for the 21st century in BALTSEM shows that reducing nutrient loads will improve deep water oxygen conditions, but at the expense of lower surface water TA concentrations, CO2 buffering capacities and faster acidification. When these changes additionally lead to a decrease in Fe inputs to the sediment of the deep basins, anaerobic TA generation will be reduced even further, thus exacerbating acidification. This work highlights that Fe dynamics plays a key role in the release of TA from sediments where Fe sulfide formation is limited by Fe availability, as exemplified by the Baltic Sea. Moreover, it demonstrates that burial of Fe sulfides should be included in TA budgets of low-oxygen basins.

Distribution, long-term development and mass balance calculation of total alkalinity in the Baltic Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Hjalmarsson ◽  
Karin Wesslander ◽  
Leif G. Anderson ◽  
Anders Omstedt ◽  
Matti Perttilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Mass Balance Calculation ◽  
Balance Calculation ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Structure and functioning of the acid–base system in the Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kuliński ◽  
Bernd Schneider ◽  
Beata Szymczycha ◽  
Marcin Stokowski
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Base System ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The marine acid–base system is relatively well understood for oceanic waters. Its structure and functioning is less obvious for the coastal and shelf seas due to a number of regionally specific anomalies. In this review article we collect and integrate existing knowledge of the acid–base system in the Baltic Sea. Hydrographical and biogeochemical characteristics of the Baltic Sea, as manifested in horizontal and vertical salinity gradients, permanent stratification of the water column, eutrophication, high organic-matter concentrations and high anthropogenic pressure, make the acid–base system complex. In this study, we summarize the general knowledge of the marine acid–base system as well as describe the peculiarities identified and reported for the Baltic Sea specifically. In this context we discuss issues such as dissociation constants in brackish water, different chemical alkalinity models including contributions by organic acid–base systems, long-term changes in total alkalinity, anomalies of borate alkalinity, and the acid–base effects of biomass production and mineralization. Finally, we identify research gaps and specify limitations concerning the Baltic Sea acid–base system.

scholarly journals Structure and functioning of the acid-base system in the Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kuliński ◽  
Bernd Schneider ◽  
Beata Szymczycha ◽  
Marcin Stokowski
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Base System ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The marine acid-base system is relatively well understood for oceanic waters. Its structure and functioning is less obvious for the coastal and shelf seas due to the number of regionally specific anomalies. In this review article we collect and integrate existing knowledge on the acid-base system in the Baltic Sea. Hydrographical and biogeochemical characteristics of the Baltic Sea, as manifested in horizontal and vertical salinity gradients, permanent stratification of the water column, eutrophication, high organic matter concentrations and high anthropogenic pressure, makes the acid-base system complex. We summarize in this study the general knowledge on the marine acid-base system as well as we describe the peculiarities identified and reported for the Baltic Sea specifically. In this context we discuss issues such as: dissociation constants in the brackish water, different chemical alkalinity models including contributions by organic acid-base systems, long term changes of total alkalinity, anomalies of borate alkalinity and thee acid-base effects of biomass production and mineralization. Finally, we identify research gaps and specify bottlenecks concerning Baltic Sea acid-base system.

Temporal and spatial sedimentation rate variabilities in the eastern Gotland Basin, the Baltic Sea

Boreas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Christiansen ◽  
Helmar Kunzendorf ◽  
Kay-Christian Emeis ◽  
Rudolf Endler ◽  
Ulrich Struck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gotland Basin ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Baltic

Russian Oil: Production and Exports

2003 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
K. Liuhto
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
The Baltic

Statistical data on reserves, production and exports of Russian oil are provided in the article. The author pays special attention to the expansion of opportunities of sea oil transportation by construction of new oil terminals in the North-West of the country and first of all the largest terminal in Murmansk. In his opinion, one of the main problems in this sphere is prevention of ecological accidents in the process of oil transportation through the Baltic sea ports.

Paleoecological study of bottom sediments of the lake Goluboye (Karelian Isthmus) according to the results of diatom analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Angelina E. Shatalova ◽  
Uriy A. Kublitsky ◽  
Dmitry A. Subetto ◽  
Anna V. Ludikova ◽  
Alar Rosentau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Karelian Isthmus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Baltic

The study of paleogeography of lakes is an actual and important direction in modern science. As part of the study of lakes in the North-West of the Karelian Isthmus, this analysis will establish the dynamics of salinity of objects, which will allow to reconstruct changes in the level of the Baltic Sea in the Holocene.

Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part III)

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Leśniewska ◽  
Małgorzata Witak
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Changes

Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part III)The palaeoenvironmental changes of the south-western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk during the last 8,000 years, with reference to the stages of the Baltic Sea, were reconstructed. Diatom analyses of two cores taken from the shallower and deeper parts of the basin enabled the conclusion to be drawn that the microflora studied developed in the three Baltic phases: Mastogloia, Littorina and Post-Littorina. Moreover, the so-called anthropogenic assemblage was observed in subbottom sediments of the study area.

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