scholarly journals Surface and melt pond evolution on landfast first-year sea ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 3054-3075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Landy ◽  
Jens Ehn ◽  
Megan Shields ◽  
David Barber
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Melt Pond

scholarly journals Monitoring evolution of melt ponds on first-year and multiyear sea ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago with optical satellite data

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (82) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Chunxia Zhou ◽  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Xiaotong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
First Year ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Melt Pond ◽  
Melt Ponds ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Multiyear Ice

AbstractThe evolution of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice in summer is one of the main factors that affect sea-ice albedo and hence the polar climate system. Due to the different spectral properties of open water, melt pond and sea ice, the melt pond fraction (MPF) can be retrieved using a fully constrained least-squares algorithm, which shows a high accuracy with root mean square error ~0.06 based on the validation experiment using WorldView-2 image. In this study, the evolution of ponds on first-year and multiyear ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago was compared based on Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 images. The relationships of pond coverage with air temperature and albedo were analysed. The results show that the pond coverage on first-year ice changed dramatically with seasonal maximum of 54%, whereas that on multiyear ice changed relatively flat with only 30% during the entire melting period. During the stage of pond formation, the ponds expanded rapidly when the temperature increased to over 0°C for three consecutive days. Sea-ice albedo shows a significantly negative correlation (R = −1) with the MPF in melt season and increases gradually with the refreezing of ponds and sea ice.

scholarly journals Dimethylsulfide dynamics in first-year sea ice melt ponds in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaux Gourdal ◽  
Martine Lizotte ◽  
Guillaume Massé ◽  
Michel Gosselin ◽  
Michael Scarratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Melt Pond ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Melt Ponds ◽  
Cover Up

Abstract. Melt pond formation is a natural seasonal pan-Arctic process. During the thawing season, melt ponds may cover up to 90 % of the Arctic first year sea ice (FYI) and 15 to 25 % of the multi-year sea ice (MYI). These pools of water lying at the surface of the sea-ice cover are habitats for microorganisms and represent a potential source of the biogenic gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) for the atmosphere. Here we report on the concentrations and dynamics of DMS in nine melt ponds sampled in July 2014 in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. DMS concentrations were under the detection limit (

scholarly journals Recent extreme light sea ice years in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: 2011 and 2012 eclipse 1998 and 2007

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1313-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. L. Howell ◽  
T. Wohlleben ◽  
A. Komarov ◽  
L. Pizzolato ◽  
C. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Northwest Passage

Abstract. Record low mean September sea ice area in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) was observed in 2011 (146 × 103 km2), a level that was nearly exceeded in 2012 (150 × 103 km2). These values eclipsed previous September records set in 1998 (200 × 103 km2) and 2007 (220 × 103 km2) and are ∼60% lower than the 1981–2010 mean September climatology. In this study, the driving processes contributing to the extreme light years of 2011 and 2012 were investigated, compared to previous extreme minima of 1998 and 2007, and contrasted against historic summer seasons with above average September ice area. The 2011 minimum was driven by positive July surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies that facilitated rapid melt, coupled with atmospheric circulation in July and August that restricted multi-year ice (MYI) inflow from the Arctic Ocean into the CAA. The 2012 minimum was also driven by positive July SAT anomalies (with coincident rapid melt) but further ice decline was temporarily mitigated by atmospheric circulation in August and September which drove Arctic Ocean MYI inflow into the CAA. Atmospheric circulation was comparable between 2011 and 1998 (impeding Arctic Ocean MYI inflow) and 2012 and 2007 (inducing Arctic Ocean MYI inflow). However, evidence of both preconditioned thinner Arctic Ocean MYI flowing into CAA and maximum landfast first-year ice (FYI) thickness within the CAA was more apparent leading up to 2011 and 2012 than 1998 and 2007. The rapid melt process in 2011 and 2012 was more intense than observed in 1998 and 2007 because of the thinner ice cover being more susceptible to positive SAT forcing. The thinner sea ice cover within the CAA in recent years has also helped counteract the processes that facilitate extreme heavy ice years. The recent extreme light years within the CAA are associated with a longer navigation season within the Northwest Passage.

scholarly journals Spring melt pond fraction in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago predicted from RADARSAT-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 4675-4686
Author(s):  
Stephen E. L. Howell ◽  
Randall K. Scharien ◽  
Jack Landy ◽  
Mike Brady
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Predictive Information ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Melt Pond ◽  
Stage Of Development

Abstract. Melt ponds form on the surface of Arctic sea ice during spring, influencing how much solar radiation is absorbed into the sea ice–ocean system, which in turn impacts the ablation of sea ice during the melt season. Accordingly, melt pond fraction (fp) has been shown to be a useful predictor of sea ice area during the summer months. Sea ice dynamic and thermodynamic processes operating within the narrow channels and inlets of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) during the summer months are difficult for model simulations to accurately resolve. Additional information on fp variability in advance of the melt season within the CAA could help constrain model simulations and/or provide useful information in advance of the shipping season. Here, we use RADARSAT-2 imagery to predict and analyze peak melt pond fraction (fpk) and evaluate its utility to provide predictive information with respect to sea ice area during the melt season within the CAA from 2009–2018. The temporal variability of RADARSAT-2 fpk over the 10-year record was found to be strongly linked to the variability of mean April multi-year ice area with a statistically significant detrended correlation (R) of R=-0.89. The spatial distribution of RADARSAT-2 fpk was found to be in excellent agreement with the sea ice stage of development prior to the melt season. RADARSAT-2 fpk values were in good agreement with fpk observed from in situ observations but were found to be ∼ 0.05 larger compared to MODIS fpk observations. Dynamically stable sea ice regions within the CAA exhibited higher detrended correlations between RADARSAT-2 fpk and summer sea ice area. Our results show that RADARSAT-2 fpk can be used to provide predictive information about summer sea ice area for a key shipping region of the Northwest Passage.

scholarly journals Dimethyl sulfide dynamics in first-year sea ice melt ponds in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3169-3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaux Gourdal ◽  
Martine Lizotte ◽  
Guillaume Massé ◽  
Michel Gosselin ◽  
Michel Poulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Melt Ponds ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

Abstract. Melt pond formation is a seasonal pan-Arctic process. During the thawing season, melt ponds may cover up to 90 % of the Arctic first-year sea ice (FYI) and 15 to 25 % of the multi-year sea ice (MYI). These pools of water lying at the surface of the sea ice cover are habitats for microorganisms and represent a potential source of the biogenic gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) for the atmosphere. Here we report on the concentrations and dynamics of DMS in nine melt ponds sampled in July 2014 in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. DMS concentrations were under the detection limit (< 0.01 nmol L−1) in freshwater melt ponds and increased linearly with salinity (rs = 0.84, p ≤ 0.05) from ∼ 3 up to ∼ 6 nmol L−1 (avg. 3.7 ± 1.6 nmol L−1) in brackish melt ponds. This relationship suggests that the intrusion of seawater in melt ponds is a key physical mechanism responsible for the presence of DMS. Experiments were conducted with water from three melt ponds incubated for 24 h with and without the addition of two stable isotope-labelled precursors of DMS (dimethylsulfoniopropionate), (D6-DMSP) and dimethylsulfoxide (13C-DMSO). Results show that de novo biological production of DMS can take place within brackish melt ponds through bacterial DMSP uptake and cleavage. Our data suggest that FYI melt ponds could represent a reservoir of DMS available for potential flux to the atmosphere. The importance of this ice-related source of DMS for the Arctic atmosphere is expected to increase as a response to the thinning of sea ice and the areal and temporal expansion of melt ponds on Arctic FYI.

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