Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation Tools Specific to Population With Diabetes—Reply

2012 ◽  
Vol 172 (6) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Nina P. Paynter
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Tools

Toxicity Evaluation of Engineered Nanomaterials: Risk Evaluation Tools (Phase 3 Studies)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Hussain ◽  
Christin Grabinski ◽  
Nicole Schaeublin ◽  
Elizabeth Maurer ◽  
Mohan Sankaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Tools ◽  
Phase 3

scholarly journals Differential Associations for Salivary Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Levels with Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Heart Rate, and Arterial Stiffness

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Labat ◽  
Silke Thul ◽  
John Pirault ◽  
Mohamed Temmar ◽  
Simon N. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Salivary Electrolytes

Salivary biomarkers may offer a noninvasive and easy sampling alternative in cardiovascular risk evaluation. The aim of the present study was to establish associations of salivary potassium, sodium, calcium, and phosphate levels with the cardiovascular phenotype determined by carotid ultrasound and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and to identify possible covariates for these associations. N=241 samples of nonstimulated whole buccal saliva were obtained from subjects with (n=143; 59%) or without (n=98; 41%) hypertension. The potassium concentrations were 10-fold higher in saliva compared with plasma, whereas sodium concentrations exhibited the reverse relation between saliva and blood. There were no significant correlations between the levels of sodium, potassium, or calcium in saliva and plasma. All salivary electrolytes, except sodium, were significantly associated with age. In age-adjusted analyses, salivary potassium was significantly associated with carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and these associations were at the limit of significance in multivariate analyses including prevalent cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Body mass index was a significant confounder for salivary potassium. Salivary phosphate was significantly associated with cIMT in the multivariate analysis. Salivary potassium, calcium, and phosphate levels were significantly associated with heart rate in the univariate age-adjusted as well as in two different multivariate models, whereas no significant associations between sodium and heart rate were observed. In conclusion, the differential association of salivary electrolytes with cardiovascular phenotypes indicates that these electrolytes should be further studied for their predictive value as noninvasive biomarkers for cardiovascular risk evaluation.

Reclassification of European patients’ cardiovascular risk using the updated Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian P Halcox ◽  
Florence Tubach ◽  
Ogün Sazova ◽  
Stephen Sweet ◽  
Jesús Medina
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Evaluation Algorithm
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