Chapter 1. Cold War Kafka and Beyond

2012 ◽  
pp. 13-62
Keyword(s):  
Cold War

Chapter 1 Svalbard

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brian Harland
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Small Population ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Seasonal Population

An introduction to Svalbard is as necessary for a geoscientist as for any other student of the archipelago. The section on geographical nomenclature is illustrated by maps which are designed to locate many of the commonly used names. These and others are listed at the end of the volume where additional names used later are referred to. The regional context of Svalbard is shown in Fig. 1.1.The present-day physical environment is mentioned, but treated more fully in Chapters 21 and 22.The section on the present-day Svalbard biota is not by a specialist for specialists, but is intended to list those organisms commonly encountered in the field and of interest to most workers.The political and treaty considerations are interwoven and have sometimes left the Norwegian administration in an ambivalent position. Happily however the resources forthcoming from the petroleum industry to the nation has enabled the administration to fulfil its responsibility admirably and latterly without the pressures from the Cold War.Svalbard for its size has a small population, less than 4000 concentrated in relatively few settlements, but numbers are augmented by summer arrivals of construction/maintenance staff, tourists, students and scientists, while the residents often take their summer holidays on the mainland. The environmental threat from this expanding seasonal population presents one of the most serious challenges, while at the same time tourism is replacing coal mining as the principal economic resource. Provision of shipping facilities supplemented by air travel is transforming the economy, which however still requires substantial

scholarly journals Challenging Empire

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Amr G. E. Sabet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Core ◽  
Golden Opportunity

The idea for this book emerged from what the author perceives to be theextraordinary post-cold war circumstances associated with the Americanextremists’ push for empire. Its thesis is simple and straightforward:American unilateralism and militarism have spawned a global social movementagainst such eventualities, giving rise to a new kind of internationalism.The components of this internationalism are threefold: people and socialmovements, governments, and the United Nations (UN). Together, ratheroptimistically or perhaps wishfully, they have come to constitute a “secondsuperpower” capable of challenging this imperial drive (pp. 6 and 257).The book is divided into five chapters. The “Introduction” (chapter 1)presents the thesis and framework of the three-part internationalist perspective.Chapter 2 presents the global social movement as the core componentthat defies war and empire and that exhibits peoples’ power as the foundationof such defiance. The main argument here is that the events of September 11,2001, provided a golden opportunity for the George W. Bush administrationto manipulate and exploit the American people’s fears and shock. Fear,according to Bennis, undermines “not only independence of will, but the verycapacity to think” (p. 31). This was the means by which the neo-conservatives,hijacking state power, were able to carry the American people along,allowing for no serious questioning or opposition. Yet if the United States is ...

The Reconstitution of Security Provision after the Cold War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gheciu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
East European ◽  
The Cold War

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the book, explaining its rationale, conceptual framework, and methodology and placing it within the context of the existing literature. It argues that the nature and impact of commercialization of security in East European polities is profound and, in itself, deserves more attention than it has received so far. But the processes and practices examined in this book transcend the boundaries of those polities. A study of East European commercialization of security also sheds new light on aspects of the evolution of the European Union (EU) and the wider structures of European policing and security that have been insufficiently examined until now.

Now That the Cold War Is Over, Who Is a Refugee?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina García
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Boat People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cold War

Chapter 1 discusses American responses to refugee flows during the transitional period of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Fleeing a communist state had previously maximized one’s chances of admission to the United States, but as early as 1980, policymakers had questioned the logic of assuming that those fleeing communism had more legitimate needs for protection than other refugees. As government officials struggled to define a coherent refugee policy for the post–Cold War era, a wide range of domestic actors also tried to influence policy, advocating and lobbying on behalf of particular populations whose rights they felt had been ignored. The case studies in this chapter—the Soviet refuseniks, the Chinese university students, the Haitian and Cuban boat people—illustrate the changing political landscape both abroad and at home, as well as the importance of advocacy in eliciting responses from the Executive and Legislative branches of government.

A Cold War Welcome

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-44
Author(s):  
Anne Searcy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
The West ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Works ◽  
The Cold War

Chapter 1 discusses the Bolshoi Theater’s first tour of the United States in 1959. While the popular response was rapturous, critics were more cautious. They praised the company’s dancers, particularly the Soviet ballerinas, but disparaged the choreography and music. This split was gendered and allowed critics and audiences to sympathize with the performers while condemning the ostensibly more political works themselves. The chapter focuses on Sergei Prokofiev’s Romeo and Juliet and Stone Flower. Because Prokofiev’s music was so well known in the West, tour organizers hoped that his music could mediate between American expectations for Russian ballet and newer Soviet models. However, the Soviet performers failed to convince Western critics that their ballet was sufficiently “modern,” a complaint that would permeate American criticisms of the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War.

Speech and Atrocity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Balkans

Chapter 1 limns the chronology of speech and government-sponsored mass violence over the centuries. After an overview of pre-twentieth century hate rhetoric, it focuses on Ottoman propaganda in relation to the Armenian Genocide. It then describes the Nazi hate speech campaign against the Jews, the archetypal modern template for mass murder agitprop. It then moves to the post–Cold War period and examines the role of speech in the 1990s atrocities committed in the Balkans and Rwanda. The chapter concludes by examining more recent instances of atrocity rhetoric connected to mass crimes: postelection violence in Kenya and Côte d’Ivoire; extremist Buddhist attacks against Muslims in Myanmar; the Islamic State’s genocidal violence against the Yazidis; and Dinka versus Nuer bloodshed in South Sudan. In tracing this history, two overarching rhetorical strategies become apparent—exclusion (defaming and dehumanizing the out-group) and threat (warning that the out-group threatens violence so must be eliminated first).

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