Chapter 1. Islamic Ambivalence to Political Violence: Islamic Law and International Terrorism

2011 ◽  
pp. 35-64
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
International Terrorism

scholarly journals What is terrorism (according to the news)? How the German press selectively labels political violence as “terrorism”

Journalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146488492110170
Author(s):  
Valerie Hase
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
News Media ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
German Press

Baghdad, Christchurch or Paris: Over the last years, many cities were the location of extremist attacks – but only some incidents were covered as “terrorism”. Journalists selectively attach the label to particular acts of political violence. This study analyses how characteristics of attacks and their perpetrators influence whether news media portray incidents as terrorism. Based on attacks between 2012 and 2018 ( N = 86,668) and their coverage in the German press ( N = 5411), the study finds that highly lethal incidents in Western countries are more likely to be called terrorism. Moreover, news more often portrays violence by Islamist extremists as terrorism than attacks by right- or left-wing extremists. Small or inconsistent effects emerge when comparing violence by lone actors to those by groups and domestic to international terrorism. The study illustrates that news is highly selective in which acts of political violence are presented as terrorism, which may foster stereotypes and prevent policy responses towards different forms of extremism.

International Terrorism and Human Rights

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Sundaresh MENON
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
September 11 ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, a line was crossed in the history of terrorism and political violence—many things we had until then taken for granted were lost. This paper analyzes the relationship between international terrorism and human rights and examines how these two concepts—which some suggest are antithetical—might appropriately be spoken of in the same breath even in the aftermath of those terrible attacks. The overarching thesis is that counter-terror efforts must be approached in a way that endeavours to achieve a positive relation to, and co-existence with, the system of human rights at both international and national levels. In this connection, Singapore's approach to counter-terrorism will be considered, providing food for thought on how far it achieves a balance between security and liberty.

International Terrorism and the Jurisdiction of Islamic Law

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Dawoody
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The World ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Modern Form

This article investigates the jurisdiction of Islamic law to international terrorism under the four Sunni schools of Islamic law. International terrorism refers to the following three cases: 1) terrorist acts committed outside of the Islamic state by its citizens; 2) terrorist acts committed outside the Islamic state by its non-citizens; and 3) terrorist acts committed inside the Islamic state by its non-citizens. It starts with studying the classical Muslim jurists’ tripartite division of the world into the ‘house of Islam’, ‘house of war’, and ‘house of peace’ to find out the boundaries of the jurisdiction of Islamic law and its position on the extradition of international terrorists. It examines the definition and elements of terrorism to find out the relevance of applying Islamic law to the modern form of acts of terrorism. It argues for the universal jurisdiction of Islamic law to acts of international terrorism.

scholarly journals Researching Terrorism and Political Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Jennifer Philippa Eggert
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Trinity College Dublin ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The Us ◽  
The University ◽  
Discipline Differences

Professor Louise Richardson is a political scientist focusing on terrorism and political violence. She became Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford in January 2016, having previously served at the Universities of St. Andrews and Harvard. She has written widely on international terrorism, British foreign and defence policy, security, and international relations. Professor Richardson holds a BA in History from Trinity College Dublin, an MA in Political Science from UCLA as well as an MA and PhD in Government from Harvard University. She visited the University of Warwick in November 2017 to deliver a talk on her career and being a female leader, as part of the University’s ‘Inspiring Women’ series. In this interview, she speaks about research on terrorism and political violence; how approaches to terrorism studies differ between the US and Europe; how the discipline has changed since the 1970s; the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to the study of terrorism and political violence; whether terrorism studies are a distinct discipline; differences between terrorism and conflict studies; and what makes a good university teacher. Photograph credit: OUImages/John Cairns

scholarly journals Animals in Islamic Tradition and Muslim Cultures

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Mohamad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Single Question ◽  
Broad Outline ◽  
Page Book

In his peculiarly self-abasing preface to Animals in Islamic Tradition andMuslim Cultures, Richard Foltz speculates that the audience for his bookwill probably consist of “non-Muslims who are sympathetic to Muslim cultureand interested in learning more about what it has to offer in terms ofanimal rights” (p. xii). This appears to be less of a prediction than a presuppositionguiding the book. Appropriately, Animals in Islamic Tradition is avery broad outline of representations of non-human animals from the pre-Islamic era to the present in as many fields as a 192-page book can encompass.As a result, his study tends to be kaleidoscopic, treating each subject ina very general manner, hastily running through the basics and garnishingthem with selected curiosities. For perhaps the same reason, the book is writtenin a very simple style, neither extremely engaging nor boringly obscure,and tends to provide summary rather than analysis.The issue of the non-human animal in Islam and in Islamicate culturesis not a single question, but rather a vast number of disparate questions thatultimately require detailed attention in themselves. Given the lack of attentionhitherto received by each of these specific questions, any general surveysuch as Foltz’s must necessarily be tentative and exploratory. The bookis divided into seven chapters that deal, respectively, with references to animalsin the Qur’an and the hadith literature (chapter 1), animal-relatedinjunctions in Islamic law (chapter 2), scientific and philosophical studies(chapter 3), literary and artistic representations (chapter 4), animal rights inthe contemporary era (chapter 5), Islamic vegetarianism (chapter 6), andMuslim attitudes toward dogs (chapter 7). Each chapter is further dividedinto several subheadings, making the book something of a collection of wellcategorizedarticles rather than a tightly bound narrative building up to acentral argument ...

Forced Migration and Political Violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
Analytical Tools

There has been renewed academic interest in the security impacts of forced migration since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011 generated more than 5 million refugees, most of whom fled to neighboring countries and to Europe. Researchers are, for instance, increasingly working to identify how the type, severity, and perpetrator of political violence affect patterns of displacement, such as whether forced migrants cross borders or remain in their home country. Though much of the discussion in the security studies context continues to center on forced migration flows as a conduit for civil war, international terrorism, and refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) as perpetrators, scholars also have begun to focus attention on the ways in which refugees and the internally displaced can become the targets of political violence in the receiving state. Following the path of earlier qualitative research recognizing that displaced populations rarely become militarized, studies of a more quantitative orientation are now working to isolate the conditions under which forced migration leads to varying forms of political violence. Another important and growing area of focus is on how resettlement of the displaced affects the dynamics of violence in the origin country, including the potential for conflict recurrence. Efforts to study security impacts of forced migration more systematically have increased alongside the availability of new data and more diverse analytical tools and methods. Still, many important dimensions of the forced migration–conflict connection remain to be explored, and innovative research as well as new data collection efforts are necessary. Integrating insights from other fields, including economics, psychology, and sociology, and returning to the task of theory-building based on case-study research offer a promising path forward.

The Phenomenon of State Organized Crime

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Decoeur
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
International Terrorism

Chapter 1 describes the phenomenon of state organized crime. It analyses the context in which state organized crime occurs, highlighting the criminogenic mechanisms at play in ‘shadow states’ and kleptocratic regimes. It discusses the motives underlying the involvement of state officials in organized crime, showing that state organized crime may be committed not only for the perpetrators’ personal profit, but also in pursuit of state policy or broader ideological objectives such as international terrorism. It further identifies the actors involved in state organized crime and the means through which it is perpetrated, stressing that state organized crime is committed by senior state officials abusing their authority and using the material and human resources of the state for criminal purposes.

The Deaths of the Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Walters
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Oratory

This book examines imagery of the body politic in the works of Cicero and his contemporaries and explores its impact on the politics of Rome in the first century BCE. Emphasis throughout is on the ideological underpinnings of such images and their uses as a means of persuasion. Chapter 1 reads the well-known fable of Menenius Agrippa as a paradigm for late-republican invocations of the embodied state. Chapter 2 examines imagery of disease and healing, focusing especially on connections with political violence. Chapter 3 considers claims of wounding and mutilating the republic. Chapter 4 explores references to the body politic’s demise in invective and consolations. Political oratory provides much of the evidence of these chapters, but is everywhere supplemented by other sources. Chapter 5 historicizes prior discussions by focusing on a single controversial image, that of murdering the fatherland, in the aftermath of Caesar’s assassination.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Emilia Justyna Powell
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Interstate Disputes

How do Islamic law states prefer to resolve their international disputes? Is it possible to identify general patterns that apply to all these states? Why are only some Islamic law states open to using international courts in attempting to solve their interstate disputes? A common Western attitude toward Islam has often served to create the assumption of a massive dichotomy between the Islamic legal tradition and international law across the entire Islamic milieu, projecting a continuing divergence between the two legal systems. Chapter 1 discusses the importance of understanding the Islamic milieu’s preferences with respect to international conflict management venues. It presents a short version of the Islamic theory of peaceful resolution (fully presented later in chapter 4) and discusses the broader significance of the project, locating it within the broader scholarly literature of interstate dispute resolution.

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