Chapter 8. Competing Claims to Religious Freedom and Communal Self-Determination in Africa

2011 ◽  
pp. 199-222
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Self Determination

An Unexpected Alliance: Stella Atwood, the California Clubwomen, John Collier, and the Indians of the Southwest, 1917––1934

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin L. Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Women's Clubs ◽  
Pueblo Indians ◽  
Effective Force ◽  
Tribal Lands ◽  
Indian Reform ◽  
Franklin Delano Roosevelt

During the 1920s and 1930s, women's clubs in California and throughout the nation took up the cause of Indian reform. These clubwomen brought national attention to the conditions and repressive policies under which Indian peoples across the country lived. In alliance with John Collier and Pueblo Indians, California clubwomen waged effective political campaigns, agitating for Indian religious freedom, the protection of tribal lands, and Native self-determination. Commissioner of Indian Affairs under Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Collier has long been considered the major architect of reformist policies with regard to Indians, yet the clubwomen were the primary individuals motivating him to take up Indian reform. The unexpected alliance forged between John Collier, the clubwomen, and Native Americans was the effective force that brought Indian reform to the nation.

scholarly journals Religious Education in Russia: Inter-Faith Harmony or Neo-Imperial Toleration?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lisovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Teacher's Manual

This paper explores the approach to religious education that has been instituted in Russia since 2012. The new policy’s manifestly proclaimed goals seem convergent with the values of religious freedom, self-determination, tolerance, and inter-faith peace that are espoused by Western liberal democracies. Yet Russia’s hidden religious education curriculum is far more consistent with a neo-imperial model of ethno-religious (Russian Orthodox) hegemony and limited toleration of selected, other faiths whose reach is restricted to politically peripheral ethno-territorial entities. This model embodies and revitalizes Russia’s imperial legacies. Yet the revitalization is, in itself, an outcome of strategic choices made by the country’s religious and secular elites in the course of its desecularization. Building on discourse analysis of five Russian textbooks and a teacher’s manual, this article shows how the neo-imperial model manifests itself in the suppression of exogenous and endogenous pluralism, cultivation of the ideology of “ethnodoxy”, and in essentially imperialist mythology. The paper concludes by predicting the new model’s potential instability.

scholarly journals Civic Rights in Charter of Madinah and International Human Rights Conventions: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-211
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abu Bakar ◽  
Rafiullah Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Current Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Conventions

حقوق الإنسان المدنية من خلال وثيقة المدينة: دراسة مقارنة بالمواثيق الدولية This research aims to give the reader a comprehensive view of civil human rights through a comparative study of the Charter of Medina and international conventions. The Charter of Medina designed the foundation of a multi-religious Islamic state in Medina, as it was signed to end the rancorous intertribal aggression among the opposing tribes of Banu ’Aws and Banu Khazraj in Medina and to uphold harmony and co-operation among all Medinan groups. Its major accomplishment was fetching confrontational clans together to form a community and inaugurating long term peace among them. It put an end to the predominant disorder and sheltered the life, self-determination, property and religious freedom for all people. The paper highlights the relevance and importance of civil human rights through the Charter of Medina as well as international conventions in the up-to-date worldwide civilization. The present research examines the historical document of Charter of Medina and elucidates it through examples from Quran and Sunnah as well as compares its core values with international conventions. In this regard the views of the past and contemporary scholarship are also discussed to analyze the challenges and issues of current time. In recent times the efforts and implications of civil human rights have unfolded in many different ways so it is very important for Muslims to know and to relate the Sharī’ah ruling regarding it. The research concludes that as compare to the international convections the system of justice in the Islamic Sharī’ah ensures all rights and with liabilities.

scholarly journals Axiological challenges of the individual religiosity of the Orthodox believer in conditions of religious freedom and freedom of conscience

2017 ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kulagina-Stadnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Metaphysical Status

Today, researchers are increasingly concerned about the loss of humanity's landmarks of their development, which, naturally, leads to attempts to realize the goals and meanings of being an individual through the religious motivation of the formation of his outlook. In the XXI century, for the first time, the existential states of man, that is, his life's self-determination and election, not only became the object of conceptual reflection, but also acquired a qualitatively new metaphysical status, in contrast to the traditional one, became the subject of another, existential, method of philosophizing. System-forming concepts of a new type of reflection have become "man", "existence", "personality", "consciousness" instead of earlier established categories of "world", "being", "essence". As a result, world events are now interpreted as subjective or radically dependent on the subject. From this perspective, the analysis of the existentialities of human existence (in particular, the phenomena of freedom, love, holiness), the elucidation and realization of their heuristic, ontological, epistemological, and methodological potential of Orthodoxy - seems to be a very topical task.

scholarly journals Liberdade de Crença e o Sacrifício de Animais em Cultos Religiosos

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Fábio Carvalho Leite
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Constitutional Interpretation ◽  
Animal Sacrifice ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cruelty To Animals

O presente artigo tem por propósito analisar em que medida a proteção à fauna pode impor-se como um limite à prática de cultos religiosos nos quais ocorrem sacrifícios de animais. A questão é delicada se assumirmos que a liberdade religiosa só tem sentido se compreendida como o direito não apenas de ter uma crença, mas de se determinar em razão dela. Como, por outro lado, nenhum direito ou valor pode ser compreendido em seu sentido absoluto, a premissa acima, embora necessária à caracterização do caso como um problema constitucional, está longe de ser suficiente para a sua solução. Nesse quadro, o trabalho pretende identificar critérios minimamente seguros para uma interpretação constitucional adequada dos valores em questão nos casos de sacrifícios de animais em rituais religiosos. AbstractThis work intends to analyze to what extent animal protection may be a limit to animal sacrifice rituals. It’s a delicate point if we agree that religious freedom should be understood not only as a right to hold religion belief, but also the right to self-determination based on the same religion beliefs. On the other hand, if there are no ‘absolute’ rights, the premise above, even though it is necessary to depict such case as a constitutional problem, it is far from sufficient. In this scenario, I try to identify minimally safe criteria to a constitutional interpretation that is adequate to those values when it comes to animal sacrifice rituals. KeywordsReligious freedom. Animal protection. Cruelty to animals.

Religious Freedom and Majority Rule: Marsilius of Padua “on” Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im and the “Secular” Islamic State

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-144
Author(s):  
Bettina Koch
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Marsilius Of Padua ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article discusses Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im's Islam and the Secular State from the perspective of Marsilius of Padua's political theory. Both authors share similar concepts of the relationship between religion, state policy, and the state, and allow for the integration of religious doctrines into state law. Nonetheless, the Marsilian conception provides stronger protection of unbelievers' and religious dissenters' civic rights. In the broader discourse on political theory of rights, Marsilius argues in favors of individual rights and a protection of minority rights, while an-Na‘im's theory of Shari‘a reform suggests a preference for a people's self-determination.

Frustration and Violence in Mobile Video Games

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Petr Květon ◽  
Martin Jelínek
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Mobile Video ◽  
Violent Content ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. This study tests two competing hypotheses, one based on the general aggression model (GAM), the other on the self-determination theory (SDT). GAM suggests that the crucial factor in video games leading to increased aggressiveness is their violent content; SDT contends that gaming is associated with aggression because of the frustration of basic psychological needs. We used a 2×2 between-subject experimental design with a sample of 128 undergraduates. We assigned each participant randomly to one experimental condition defined by a particular video game, using four mobile video games differing in the degree of violence and in the level of their frustration-invoking gameplay. Aggressiveness was measured using the implicit association test (IAT), administered before and after the playing of a video game. We found no evidence of an association between implicit aggressiveness and violent content or frustrating gameplay.

Suicidal Ideation and Self-Determination in Institutionalized Elderly

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée Fortin ◽  
Sylvie Lapierre ◽  
Jacques Baillargeon ◽  
Réal Labelle ◽  
Micheline Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Rational Suicide ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Subscale ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
Taking Action

The right to self-determination is central to the current debate on rational suicide in old age. The goal of this exploratory study was to assess the presence of self-determination in suicidal institutionalized elderly persons. Eleven elderly persons with serious suicidal ideations were matched according to age, sex, and civil status with 11 nonsuicidal persons. The results indicated that suicidal persons did not differ from nonsuicidal persons in level of self-determination. There was, however, a significant difference between groups on the social subscale. Suicidal elderly persons did not seem to take others into account when making a decision or taking action. The results are discussed from a suicide-prevention perspective.

Modeling Self-Determination Theory Motivation Data by Using Unfolding IRT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Philipp A. Freund ◽  
Annette Lohbeck
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Point ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Irt Model ◽  
Autonomous Behavior ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Unfolding Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Item Location

Abstract. Self-determination theory (SDT) suggests that the degree of autonomous behavior regulation is a characteristic of distinct motivation types which thus can be ordered on the so-called Autonomy-Control Continuum (ACC). The present study employs an item response theory (IRT) model under the ideal point response/unfolding paradigm in order to model the response process to SDT motivation items in theoretical accordance with the ACC. Using data from two independent student samples (measuring SDT motivation for the academic subjects of Mathematics and German as a native language), it was found that an unfolding model exhibited a relatively better fit compared to a dominance model. The item location parameters under the unfolding paradigm showed clusters of items representing the different regulation types on the ACC to be (almost perfectly) empirically separable, as suggested by SDT. Besides theoretical implications, perspectives for the application of ideal point response/unfolding models in the development of measures for non-cognitive constructs are addressed.

Challenge Demands, Hindrance Demands, and Psychological Need Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon L. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
Practical Implications

The job demands-resources (JD-R) model provides a well-validated account of how job resources and job demands influence work engagement, burnout, and their constituent dimensions. The present study aimed to extend previous research by including challenge demands not widely examined in the context of the JD-R. Furthermore, and extending self-determination theory, the research also aimed to investigate the potential mediating effects that employees’ need satisfaction as regards their need for autonomy, need for belongingness, need for competence, and need for achievement, as components of a higher order needs construct, may have on the relationships between job demands and engagement. Structural equations modeling across two independent samples generally supported the proposed relationships. Further research opportunities, practical implications, and study limitations are discussed.

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