scholarly journals The effect of visual feedback for muscle activity at coordination of muscle contraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSUKE SATO ◽  
SHIN MURATA ◽  
YOSHIHIRO KAI ◽  
HIDEYUKI NAKAE ◽  
MASAYUKI SOMA
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Muscle Activity

Control of breathing in craniotes

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Steven F. Perry ◽  
Markus Lambertz ◽  
Anke Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Ventilatory Frequency ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Other Hand

Craniote gills are arranged sequentially along the pharynx and accordingly are ventilated from anterior to posterior by a wave of muscle contraction, beginning with the mouth. Each gill pair appears to have its own set of neurons in the brainstem that coordinate the muscle activity and stimulate the next gill pair in the sequence. This system appears to have been maintained from hagfish to teleosts. In tetrapods, on the other hand, various centres in the brainstem coordinate different phases of breathing: expiration, inspiration, and post-inspiration. The location of these centres in the brainstem is similar in amphibians and mammals. The stimulus for regulating ventilatory frequency in water-breathing species is oxygen, whereas for air-breathing species it is blood pH/PCO2—just as in invertebrates.

Receptor mechanisms of serotonin-induced prenodal lymphatic constriction in the canine forelimb

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. H650-H654 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Vasoactive Agents ◽  
Arterial Infusion

Numerous endogenous vasoactive agents have been shown to cause lymphatic smooth muscle contraction. In this study, we assessed the ability of serotonin (5-HT) to alter lymphatic smooth muscle activity and elucidated the receptor mechanisms of 5-HT’s actions. Both intralymphatic and intra-arterial administration of 5-HT significantly increased lymphatic smooth muscle activity in lymphatics perfused at constant flow, as indicated by an increase in lymphatic perfusion pressure. The 5-HT-induced increase in lymphatic perfusion pressure is attenuated but not blocked by the intra-arterial infusion of phentolamine, suggesting the involvement of α-adrenoreceptors and 5-HT receptors. Intralymphatic infusion of the 5-HT2-receptor-agonist α-methylserotonin significantly increased lymphatic perfusion pressure, either alone or when administered into an α-receptor blocked preparation, whereas the 5-HT1-receptor-agonist carboxyamidotryptamine maleate did not effect the prenodal lymphatics. These data indicate that the lymphatic smooth muscle contraction produced by 5-HT is mediated both by lymphatic α-adrenoreceptors and 5-HT2 receptors.

scholarly journals Altered visual feedback from an embodied avatar unconsciously influences movement amplitude and muscle activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bourdin ◽  
Matteo Martini ◽  
Maria V. Sanchez-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Visual Inputs

AbstractEvidence suggests that the sense of the position of our body parts can be surreptitiously deceived, for instance through illusory visual inputs. However, whether altered visual feedback during limb movement can induce substantial unconscious motor and muscular adjustments is not known. To address this question, we covertly manipulated virtual body movements in immersive virtual reality. Participants were instructed to flex their elbow to 90° while tensing an elastic band, as their virtual arm reproduced the same, a reduced (75°), or an amplified (105°) movement. We recorded muscle activity using electromyography, and assessed body ownership, agency and proprioception of the arm. Our results not only show that participants compensated for the avatar’s manipulated arm movement while being completely unaware of it, but also that it is possible to induce unconscious motor adaptations requiring significant changes in muscular activity. Altered visual feedback through body ownership illusions can influence motor performance in a process that bypasses awareness.

scholarly journals Removal of visual feedback alters muscle activity and reduces force variability during constant isometric contractions

2009 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsimran S. Baweja ◽  
Bhavini K. Patel ◽  
Julie D. Martinkewiz ◽  
Julie Vu ◽  
Evangelos A. Christou
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Force Variability ◽  
Isometric Contractions
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