scholarly journals PREDICTING COASTAL ROADWAY DAMAGE USING MODIFIED DISPERSION FUNCTIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Garland Pennison ◽  
Bret Webb ◽  
Ioannis Gidaris ◽  
Jamie Padgett
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Hurricane Ike ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Swan Model ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Measured Distance ◽  
Elevation Wave

Empirical dispersion functions appear to reasonably predict damage risks for coastal roadways subjected to coastal storm surge and wave hazards. County Road 257 (CR 257) in Brazoria County, Texas had significant damage at various locations during Hurricane Ike in September 2008. Cumulative peak hourly water surface elevation, wave period, and current velocity output from a hindcast ADCIRC+SWAN model was assessed using modified celerity dispersion functions relative to measured distance between road and shoreline. These intensity measures provide a strongly correlated model for predicting likelihood of road damage.

scholarly journals “Certain Death” from Storm Surge: A Comparative Study of Household Responses to Warnings about Hurricanes Rita and Ike

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Lung Wei ◽  
Michael K. Lindell ◽  
Carla S. Prater
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Jefferson County ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Hurricane Ike ◽  
Hurricane Rita ◽  
Warning Message ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Initial Source ◽  
Household Responses

Abstract This study examines the effect of an unusual “certain death” warning message on Galveston, Harris, and Jefferson County, Texas, residents’ expectations of storm surge damage and evacuation decisions during Hurricane Ike. The effect of this message was tested by comparing questionnaire data collected after Hurricane Ike to similar data collected 3 yr earlier after Hurricane Rita. If the certain death message had an effect, one would expect nonsignificant differences in perceptions of the two storms’ surge threats because the category 2 storm (Ike) had a surge that was more characteristic of a category 5 storm (Rita). However, the ratings of the storm surge threat for Ike were significantly lower than those for Rita in Galveston County—the point of landfall. Moreover, evacuation rates for Ike were consistently lower than those for Rita in all three counties, and there were no statistically significant differences between storms in the correlations of expected storm surge damage with evacuation decisions. In summary, these data fail to show evidence that the dramatic certain death warning increased expectations of surge threat and evacuation decisions. These findings underscore the need for those disseminating weather warnings to better understand how hurricane warnings flow from an initial source through intermediate links to the ultimate receivers as well as how these ultimate receivers receive, heed, interpret, and decide how to act upon those warnings.

Refraction of gravity waves by weak current gradients

2001 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTIAN B. DYSTHE
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Group Velocity ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Weak Current ◽  
The Waves

When deep water surface waves cross an area with variable current, refraction takes place. If the group velocity of the waves is much larger than the current velocity we show that the curvature of a ray, χ, is given by the simple formula χ = ζ/vg. Here ζ is the vertical component of the current vorticity and vg is the group velocity.

scholarly journals Developing a Modeling Framework to Simulate Compound Flooding: When Storm Surge Interacts With Riverine Flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Loveland ◽  
Amin Kiaghadi ◽  
Clint N. Dawson ◽  
Hanadi S. Rifai ◽  
Shubhra Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Primary Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adcirc Model

Compound flooding is a physical phenomenon that has become more destructive in recent years. Moreover, compound flooding is a broad term that envelops many different physical processes that can range from preconditioned, to multivariate, to temporally compounding, or spatially compounding. This research aims to analyze a specific case of compound flooding related to tropical cyclones where the compounding effect is on coastal flooding due to a combination of storm surge and river discharge. In recent years, such compound flood events have increased in frequency and magnitude, due to a number of factors such as sea-level rise from warming oceans. Therefore, the ability to model such events is of increasing urgency. At present, there is no holistic, integrated modeling system capable of simulating or forecasting compound flooding on a large regional or global scale, leading to the need to couple various existing models. More specifically, two more challenges in such a modeling effort are determining the primary model and accounting for the effect of adjacent watersheds that discharge to the same receiving water body in amplifying the impact of compound flooding from riverine discharge with storm surge when the scale of the model includes an entire coastal line. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model as the primary model to simulate the compounding effects of fluvial flooding and storm surge via loose one-way coupling with gage data through internal time-dependent flux boundary conditions. The performance of the ADCIRC model was compared with the Hydrologic Engineering Center- River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model both at the watershed and global scales. Furthermore, the importance of including riverine discharges and the interactions among adjacent watersheds were quantified. Results showed that the ADCIRC model could reliably be used to model compound flooding on both a watershed scale and a regional scale. Moreover, accounting for the interaction of river discharge from multiple watersheds is critical in accurately predicting flood patterns when high amounts of riverine flow occur in conjunction with storm surge. Particularly, with storms such as Hurricane Harvey (2017), where river flows were near record levels, inundation patterns and water surface elevations were highly dependent on the incorporation of the discharge input from multiple watersheds. Such an effect caused extra and longer inundations in some areas during Hurricane Harvey. Comparisons with real gauge data show that adding internal flow boundary conditions into ADCIRC to account for river discharge from multiple watersheds significantly improves accuracy in predictions of water surface elevations during coastal flooding events.

scholarly journals Empirical Correlations between Peak Ground Velocity and Spectrum-Based Intensity Measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Correlation Equations ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Ground Motion Selection ◽  
Crustal Earthquakes ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Spectrum Intensity

Empirical correlation equations between peak ground velocity ( PGV) and several spectrum-based ground motion intensity measures are developed. The intensity measures examined in particular were: peak ground acceleration ( PGA), 5% damped pseudo-spectral acceleration ( SA), acceleration spectrum intensity ( ASI), and spectrum intensity ( SI). The computed correlations were obtained using ground motions from active shallow crustal earthquakes and four ground motion prediction equations. Results indicate that PGV is strongly correlated (i.e., a correlation coefficient of [Formula: see text]) with SI, moderately correlated with medium to long-period SA (i.e., [Formula: see text] for vibration periods 0.5-3.0 seconds), and also moderately correlated with short period SA, PGA and ASI ([Formula: see text]). A simple example is used to illustrate one possible application of the developed correlation equations for ground motion selection.

Storm surge propagation in Galveston Bay during Hurricane Ike

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
João L. Rego ◽  
Chunyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Galveston Bay ◽  
Hurricane Ike

scholarly journals Implications from the comparisons between two- and three-dimensional model simulations of the Hurricane Ike storm surge

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 3350-3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianyuan Zheng ◽  
Robert H. Weisberg ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Rick A. Luettich ◽  
Joannes J. Westerink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Hurricane Ike ◽  
Model Simulations

The Utilization of Regression and Analysis of Variance to Model Hurricane Storm Surge Sedimentation on Coastal Marshes along the Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastline

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Coastal Marshes ◽  
Hurricane Ike ◽  
Deposit Thickness ◽  
Northern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Hurricane Storm Surge ◽  
Landfall Location ◽  
Sediment Deposit

<p>Coastal marshes along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline provide very important ecosystem services such as serving as habitat for a variety of flora and fauna and providing flood protection for inland areas. A growing body of research has documented how hurricane storm surge sedimentation has increased the elevation of coastal marshes along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline. This study investigates spatial variations in sediment distribution on McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, USA, which is in the geographic region that was impacted by the right-front quadrant of Hurricane Ike. This research builds upon a prior study on hurricane storm surge sedimentation in which the sediment deposits from hurricanes’ Audrey, Carla, Rita, and Ike were identified on a marsh transect on McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge. The purpose of this study was to discover how hurricane storm surge sedimentation spatially varies in relation to the landfall location of Hurricane Ike. Fieldwork conducted in 2017-2018 involved digging shallow pits on four coastal marsh transects between Sabine Pass, Texas and High Island, Texas. Elevations were measured at each pit site along all four transects using a telescopic lens and stadia rod. The transects extend 880-1630 meters, with pit sites beginning near the coastline and extending landward. Results obtained in the field indicate that the Hurricane Ike sediment deposit has been found on all four transects, and that the deposit decreases in thickness moving landward along each transect. Furthermore, the observational results of this study were used in Regression Analyses to model hurricane storm surge sediment deposit thickness based on pit site distance inland, pit site elevation, and distance from the landfall of Hurricane Ike. Moreover, Analysis of Variance revealed whether distance inland, distance from landfall location, and the interaction between distance inland and distance from landfall location had any significant effect on storm surge deposit thickness. Actual sediment deposit thicknesses measured in the field were compared to the Regression and Analysis of Variance results. Results show that the Power Law Curve from the Regression Analyses was the most robust predictor of pit site sediment thickness based on distance inland, with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.538. Additionally, the Regression and Analysis of Variance results revealed that transect distance from the landfall location of Hurricane Ike was the only independent variable that could not predict or explain storm surge deposit thickness; which is very likely due to all four transects being in the right-front quadrant of landfalling Hurricane Ike. The findings of this study provide improved understanding of the spatial relationship between storm surge sedimentation and storm surge heights, valuable knowledge about the sedimentary response of coastal marshes subject to storm surge deposition, and useful guidance to public policy aimed at combating the effects of sea-level rise on coastal marshes along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline.</p><p> </p>

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