scholarly journals NUMERICAL MODELLING OF SOLITARY AND FOCUSED WAVE FORCES ON COASTAL-BRIDGE DECK

2018 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameeza Moideen ◽  
Manasa Ranjan Behera ◽  
Arun Kamath ◽  
Hans Bihs
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Extreme Waves ◽  
Shallow Water Waves ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Coastal Bridges ◽  
Focused Wave ◽  
The Impact

In the recent past, coastal bridges have been subjected to critical damage due to extreme wave attacks during natural calamities like storm surge and tsunami. Various numerical and experimental studies have suggested different empirical equations for wave impact on deck. However, they do not account the velocities of the wave type properly, which requires a detailed investigation to study the impact of extreme waves on decks. Solitary wave assumption is more suitable for shallow water waves, while the focused wave has been used widely to represent extreme waves. The present study aims to investigate the focused wave impact on coastal bridge deck using REEF3D (Bihs et al., 2016).

scholarly journals Effect of Girder Spacing and Depth on the Solitary Wave Impact on Coastal Bridge Deck for Different Airgaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameeza Moideen ◽  
Manasa Ranjan Behera ◽  
Arun Kamath ◽  
Hans Bihs
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Wave ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Wave Condition ◽  
Bridge Damage ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vertical Impact

Coastal bridge damage has become a severe issue of concern in the recent past with the destruction of a considerable number of bridges under the impact of waves during tsunami and storm surges. These events have become more frequent, with waves reaching the bridge deck and causing upliftment and destruction. Past studies have demonstrated the establishment of various theoretical equations which works well for the submerged deck and regular wave types but show much scatter and uncertainty in case of a deck that is above still water level (SWL). The present study aims to generate a solitary wave to represent an extreme wave condition like a tsunami in the numerical wave tank modeled using the open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model REEF3D and to study the vertical impact force on the coastal bridge deck. A parametric study is carried out for increasing wave heights, girders spacing and depth for varying airgaps to analyze the effect of these parameters on the peak vertical impact force. It is observed that increasing the girder spacing and girder depth is effective in reducing the peak vertical impact force for the cases considered.

Manoeuvring Study of a Container Ship in Shallow Water Waves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manases Tello Ruiz ◽  
Marc Mansuy ◽  
Guillaume Delefortrie ◽  
Marc Vantorre
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Shallow Water Waves ◽  
The North ◽  
Captive Model Tests ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Large Container

When approaching or leaving a port a ship often needs to perform manoeuvres in the presence of waves. At the same time the water depth is still limited for deep drafted vessels. For manoeuvring simulation purposes this requires a manoeuvring model which includes phenomena such as short crested waves and squat effects. The present paper addresses the manoeuvring problem in shallow water waves numerically and experimentally. The numerical study is conducted by means of potential theory, incorporating first and second order exciting wave forces, and their superposition to the calm water manoeuvring models. The applicability of such an approach is also investigated. The experimental work has been conducted at Flanders Hydraulics Research (in cooperation with Ghent University) with a scale model of an ultra large container vessel. Captive model tests comprise harmonic yaw tests and steady straight line tests with and without waves, at different forward speeds, wave frequencies and amplitudes, in head and following waves. Waves are chosen to represent conditions commonly met by ships in the Belgian coastal zone of the North Sea.

Influence of Wave Shape on the Impact of Shallow-Water Waves on Vertical Walls

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Zanzi ◽  
Pablo Go´mez ◽  
Julia´n Palacios ◽  
Joaqui´n Lo´pez ◽  
Julio Herna´ndez
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Wave Shape ◽  
Shallow Water Waves ◽  
Vertical Walls ◽  
The Impact

A numerical study of the impact of shallow-water waves on vertical walls is presented. The air-liquid flow was simulated using a code for incompressible viscous flow, based on a local level set algorithm and a second-order approximate projection method. The level set transport and reinitialization equations were solved in a narrow band around the interface using an adaptive refined grid. The wave is assumed to be generated by a plunger which is accelerated in an open channel containing water. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method was used to take into account the relative movement between the plunger and the end wall of the channel. The evolution of the free surface was visualized using a laser light sheet and a high-speed camera, with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. Several simulations were carried out to investigate the influence of the shape of the wave approaching the wall on the relevant quantities associated with the impact. The wave shape just before the impact was changed varying the total length of the channel. The results are compared with experimental results and with results obtained by other authors.

scholarly journals IMPACT WAVE FORCES ON VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL PLATE

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
S.R. Massel ◽  
M. Oleszkiewicz ◽  
W. Trapp
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Horizontal Plate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Impact ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Problem

The hydrodynamic impact problem is a very difficult problem because the physics of what actually happens during the instant of impact are not understood. Despite of fact that a large number of references exist on the subject, many questions are left unanswered. The object of this research is to investigate the problems of hydrodynamic impact associated with the water waves impacting on the vertical and horizontal plates..Of particular interest are the impact forces, their relation to the incident wave parameters and scale effect problems.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT PROCESS AT DIKES WITH CROWN WALLS AND PARAPETS

2020 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Palma ◽  
Sara Mizar Formentin ◽  
Barbara Zanuttigh
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Impact Process ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Impact

This paper is focused on the analysis of the impact process at dikes with crown walls and parapets under breaking and non-breaking waves. A small-scale laboratory campaign was performed at the Hydraulic Laboratory of Bologna. The experiments were aimed to analyze the vertical pressure distribution along the crown wall and the resulting wave forces, by varying geometrical and hydraulic parameters. The tested configurations included different off-shore slopes, dike crest widths, crown-wall heights, dike crest freeboards and the inclusion of the parapet. The measurements were combined with the image analysis of the run-up and of the wave impact process. A sub-set of the experiments was numerically reproduced, with the openFOAM modelling suite, to support and to extend the experimental results. The results confirmed the link between the air content, the shape and the magnitude of the pressures according to the breaker type, already observed for larger-scale experiments.

Nonlinear Wave Loads on a Submerged Deck by the Green–Naghdi Equations

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Hayatdavoodi ◽  
R. Cengiz Ertekin
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Periodic Wave ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Coastal Bridges ◽  
Inviscid Incompressible Fluid ◽  
Level I

We present a comparative study of the two-dimensional linear and nonlinear vertical and horizontal wave forces and overturning moment due to the unsteady flow of an inviscid, incompressible fluid over a fully submerged horizontal, fixed deck in shallow-water. The problem is approached on the basis of the level I Green–Naghdi (G–N) theory of shallow-water waves. The main objective of this paper is to present a comparison of the solitary and periodic wave loads calculated by use of the G–N equations, with those computed by the Euler equations and the existing laboratory measurements, and also with linear solutions of the problem for small-amplitude waves. The results show a remarkable similarity between the G–N and the Euler solutions and the laboratory measurements. In particular, the calculations predict that the thickness of the deck, if it is not “too thick,” has no effect on the vertical forces and has only a slight influence on the two-dimensional horizontal positive force. The calculations also predict that viscosity of the fluid has a small effect on these loads. The results have applications to various physical problems such as wave forces on submerged coastal bridges and submerged breakwaters.

scholarly journals Review of wave forces on bridge decks with experimental and numerical methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuebin Chen ◽  
Zhiwu Chen ◽  
Guoji Xu ◽  
Xianrong Zhuo ◽  
Qinghua Deng
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Wave Force ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Coastal Bridges ◽  
Bridge Failure

AbstractMassive coastal bridges were damaged in Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Katrina (2005), and considerable efforts have been devoted to the studies of wave forces acting on bridge decks since then. When the hurricane and tsunamis approach the coastal zones, the mean water level is elevated, making it possible for the incident wave to hit the bridge deck directly. The study of wave force acting on the bridge deck is essential for the investigation of bridge failure mechanism, and a literature review of wave forces with experimental and numerical methods after Hurricanes Ivan and Katrina is presented in this paper. Though the experiments and numerical models can not fully simulate the wave-deck interaction as in realistic conditions, remarkable progress has been achieved, and some significant findings help the researchers to further understand the failure mechanism of the bridge deck. Emphasis is given to the studies that have significantly improved our understanding of the topic. Challenges associated with the existing studies and suggestions for future studies are presented for a deeper understanding of the failure mechanism of the bridge deck, and more countermeasures are expected to protect the bridge deck under extreme wave forces.

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Phase Focused Breaking and Non-Breaking Wave Impact on Fixed Offshore Platform Deck

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameeza Moideen ◽  
Manasa Ranjan Behera ◽  
Arun Kamath ◽  
Hans Bihs
Keyword(s):  
Impact Force ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Numerical Wave Tank ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Numerical Wave ◽  
Focused Wave ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vertical Impact

Abstract Extreme wave impact due to tsunamis and storm surge create large wave heights causing destruction to coastal and offshore structures. These extreme waves are represented by focused waves in the present study and the impact on offshore deck is studied. Numerical wave tank used is modelled using open-source software REE3D, where the level set method is used to capture the air-water interface. Vertical impact force on offshore deck is computed and compared with the experimental results to validate the numerical model. Focused wave is generated by phase focusing a group of waves at a particular position and time. The nonlinearity of focused wave and its effect on the vertical impact force is quantified for different airgap and increasing wave heights. The steepness of this focused wave is increased to initiate phase focused breaking in the numerical wave tank, which is validated with experimental results of Ghadirian et al., 2016. The main purpose of this paper is to examine breaking focused wave group loads on the offshore deck and to study the impact on deck at different breaking locations. The positioning of the deck with respect to breaker location have shown that the maximum horizontal impact force due to breaking wave occurs when the plunging crest hits the deck side.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Hydrodynamic Response of Coastal Bridges during an Extreme Weather Event

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Reza Nasouri ◽  
Adnan Shahriar ◽  
Adolfo Matamoros ◽  
Arturo Montoya ◽  
First Testik
Keyword(s):  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Event ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Coastal Bridges ◽  
Hydrodynamic Response

The frequency and intensity of recent hurricanes have demonstrated the need of taking proactive actions to prevent major damages during an extreme weather event. This work presents the results of a numerical study evaluating the hydrodynamic response of coastal bridges during an extreme hurricane event. A finite element model of a concrete bridge girder superstructure with a pier-substructure was developed in the commercial software Abaqus. The Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian technique was used to model the interaction between water waves and the bridge as the structure deformed due to wave impacts. The wave velocity and the angle of wave impact were varied in the simulation to determine their effects on the response of the bridge. It was found that the resultant shear and uplift forces increase with wave velocity, while the angle of impact only had a significant effect on the resultant shear forces. The developed numerical framework will support further studies that will investigate variations in the bridge design and construction practices in order to enhance the resilience of coastal bridges against extreme weather events.

A Comparative Study of Nonlinear Shallow-Water Wave Loads on a Submerged Horizontal Box

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Hayatdavoodi ◽  
R. Cengiz Ertekin
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Linear Solution ◽  
Coastal Bridges ◽  
Inviscid Incompressible Fluid ◽  
Level I

This paper is concerned with calculations of the two-dimensional nonlinear vertical and horizontal forces and overturning moment due to the unsteady flow of an inviscid, incompressible fluid over a fully-submerged horizontal, fixed box. The problem is approached on the basis of the Level I Green-Naghdi (GN) theory of shallow-water waves. The main objective of this paper is to present a comparison of the solitary and cnoidal wave loads calculated by use of the GN equations, with those computed by Euler’s equations and the recent laboratory measurements, and also with a linear solution of the problem for small-amplitude waves. The results show a remarkable similarity between the GN and Euler’s models and the laboratory measurements. In particular, the calculations predict that the thickness of the box has no effect on the vertical forces and only a slight influence on the two-dimensional horizontal positive force. The calculations also predict that viscosity of the fluid has a small effect on these loads. The results have applications to various physical problems such as wave forces on submerged coastal bridges and submerged breakwaters.

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