scholarly journals A METHOD TO SYSTEMATICALLY CLASSIFY DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF SAND NOURISHMENTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Rik Gijsman ◽  
Jan Visscher ◽  
Torsten Schlurmann
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Sand Nourishment ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Coastal Profile

The decades of collected monitoring data of coastal profiles in combination with the decades of experience with sand nourishments in the Wadden Sea, forms an invaluable basis to study the inter-site efficiency of sand nourishment design. However, a systematic data-driven study of this type needs to be applicable for the inter-site varying (i) nourishment design strategies, (ii) coastal monitoring data sets and (iii) natural morphodynamics of the shorelines, respectively. This study introduces a four-step method able to systematically classify the influence of individual nourishment design parameters on the nourishment lifetime (i.e. the period of influence on the natural dynamics of a coastal profile). With the non-linear and adaptive principle component analysis (PCA) method, nourishment lifetimes of beach- and shoreface nourishments are extracted from data sets that describe different natural morphodynamics. Based on an application of the method to a limited number of nourishments placed in two coastal areas in the Netherlands (Ameland) and Germany (Sylt), increasing nourishment concentration, alongshore nourishment length and absolute nourishment peak elevation seem to increase the lifetime of beach- and shoreface nourishments. Nourishment lifetimes at profile more downstream seem to decrease for beach nourishments, but increase for shoreface nourishments. The method supports inclusion of additional coastal profiles and parameters related to the nourishment design, natural morphodynamics of the coastal profile and hydrodynamic forcing, to quantify nourishment design influences on nourishment lifetimes at different locations.

Analyzing the Influence of Web Site Design Parameters on Web Site Usability

2008 ◽  
pp. 3525-3541
Author(s):  
Monideepa Tarafdar ◽  
Jie ("Jennifer") Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Web Site Design ◽  
Site Design ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Financial Impacts

Web site usability is concerned with how easy and intuitive it is for individuals to learn to use and interact with a Web site. It is a measure of the quality of a Web site’s presence, as perceived by users. The usability of Web sites is important, because high usability is associated with a positive attitude toward the Web site and results in higher online transactions. Poorly designed Web sites with low usability, on the other hand, lead to negative financial impacts. Existing approaches to Web site usability include measurement and tracking of parameters, such as response time and task completion time, and software engineering approaches that specify general usability guidelines and common practices during software development. This paper analyzes usability from the point of view of Web site design parameters. An analysis of usability and other design characteristics of 200 Web sites of different kinds revealed that design aspects, such as information content, ease of navigation, download delay, and Web site availability positively influence usability. Web site security and customization were not found to influence usability. The paper explains these results and suggests design strategies for increasing Web site usability.

Understanding Web Site Usability

2011 ◽  
pp. 271-293
Author(s):  
Monideepa Tarafdar ◽  
Jie (Jennifer) Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Web Site Design ◽  
Site Design ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Financial Impacts

Web site usability is concerned with how easy and intuitive it is for individuals to presence, as perceived by users. The usability of Web sites is important because high usability is associated with a positive attitude and greater trust towards the Web site. Poorly designed Web sites with low usability lead to negative financial impacts. Existing approaches to Web site usability include measurement and tracking of parameters such as response time and task completion time, and software engineering approaches that specify general usability guidelines and common practices during software development. This chapter analyzes usability from the point of view of Web site design parameters. An analysis of usability and other design characteristics of 200 Web sites of different kinds revealed that design aspects such as information content, ease of navigation, download delay, and Web site availability positively influence usability. Web site security and customization were not found to influence usability. The chapter explains these results and suggests design strategies for increasing Web site usability.

A Method for Classifying Products Designed for the Developing World

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paden M. Troxell ◽  
Charles Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Product Class ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Design Guidance

Researchers in the area of design for the developing world have synthesized knowledge from location-specific product case studies in the form of design guidance, which includes pitfalls, principles, and methods. Much of the design guidance relates to specific product classes and regions, while recent work is directed towards generalized principles. The aim of this paper is to fill gaps in product class-specific design guidance by creating larger groups of similar products, which share design characteristics. In this paper, we present a method for classifying products into such groups utilizing cluster analysis. We present a five-step method, which includes optional synthesis of design principles. The potential value of the method is demonstrated in a case study. The result included two distinct product groups, titled Products for Relief and Products for Development, and corresponding design principles for each group.

Friction Reduction via Piston and Ring Design for an Advanced Natural-Gas Reciprocating Engine

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Smedley ◽  
S. H. Mansouri ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Victor W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Piston Skirt ◽  
Model Predictions

Friction from the power cylinder represents a significant contribution to the total mechanical losses in internal combustion engines. A reduction in piston ring friction would therefore result in higher efficiency, lower fuel consumption, and reduced emissions. In this study, models incorporating piston ring dynamics and piston secondary motion with elastic skirt deformation were applied to a Waukesha natural gas power generation engine to identify the main contributors to friction within the piston and ring pack system. Based on model predictions, specific areas for friction reduction were targeted and low-friction design strategies were devised. The most significant contributors to friction were identified as the top ring, the oil control ring, and the piston skirt. Model predictions indicated that the top ring friction could be reduced by implementing a skewed barrel profile design or an upward piston groove tilt design, and oil control ring friction could be reduced by decreasing ring tension. Piston design parameters such as skirt profile, piston-to-liner clearance, and piston surface characteristics were found to have significant potential for the reduction of piston skirt friction. Designs were also developed to mitigate any adverse effects that were predicted to occur as a result of implementation of the low-friction design strategies. Specifically, an increase in wear was predicted to occur with the upward piston groove tilt design, which was eliminated by the introduction of a positive static twist on the top ring. The increase in oil consumption resulting form the reduction in the oil control ring tension was mitigated by the introduction of a negative static twist on the second ring. Overall, the low-friction design strategies were predicted to have potential to reduce piston ring friction by 35% and piston friction by up to 50%. This would translate to an improvement in brake thermal efficiency of up to 2%, which would result in a significant improvement in fuel economy and a substantial reduction in emissions over the life of the engine.

scholarly journals Community Design Parameters and the Performance of Residential Cogeneration Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Rashed-Ali
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Line Model ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The integration of cogeneration systems in residential and mixed-use communities has the potential of reducing their energy demand and harmful emissions and can thus play asignificant role in increasing their environmental sustainability. This study investigated the impact of selected planning and architectural design parameters on the environmental and economic performances of centralized cogeneration systems integrated into residential communities in U.S.cold climates. Parameters investigated include: 1) density, 2) use mix, 3) street configuration, 4) housing typology, 5) envelope and building systems’ efficiencies, and 6) passive solar energyutilization. The study integrated several simulation tools into a procedure to assess the impact of each design parameter on the cogeneration system performance. This assessment procedure included: developing a base-line model representing typical design characteristics of U.S. residential communities; assessing the cogeneration system’s performance within this model using three performance indicators: percentage of reduction in primary energy use, percentage of reduction in CO2 emissions; and internal rate of return; assessing the impact of each parameter on the system performance through developing 46 design variations of the base-line model representing potential changes in each parameter and calculating the three indicators for each variation; and finally, using a multi-attribute decision analysis methodology to evaluate the relative impact of each parameter on the cogeneration system performance. The study results show that planning parameters had a higher impact on the cogeneration system performance than architectural ones. Also, a significant correlation was found between design characteristics identified as favorable for the cogeneration system performance and those of sustainable residential communities. These include high densities, high use mix, interconnected street networks, and mixing of housing typologies. This indicates a higher potential for integrating cogeneration systems in sustainable communities.Keywords: cogeneration; residential & mixed use communities; energy efficiency; district heating

scholarly journals The materialization of the Buen Vivir and the Rights of Nature: Rhetoric and Realities of Guayaquil Ecológico urban regeneration project

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Ordóñez ◽  
Kelly Shannon ◽  
Viviana d’Auria
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Context ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Buen Vivir ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
Good Living ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractIn 2008, Ecuador became the first country in the world to declare nature as a subject of rights based on the ‘Buen Vivir’ (Good Living) philosophy which is premised on an indigenous principle that envisions a world where humans are part-and-parcel of a larger natural and social environment. Although Ecuador’s constitution is groundbreaking from a legal standpoint, the question arises of how the rights of nature is spatially manifested beyond the designation of protected areas? To shed light on such interrogation, this article, based on qualitative research, focuses on the linear park component of the mega-project Guayaquil Ecológico heralded as a first materialization which champions the “Rights of Nature” under the vision of the Buen Vivir. It unravels the contested rhetoric and realities of the Guayaquil Ecológico linear park in a critical review of the as-built project in relation to the larger objectives of Buen Vivir. The Guayaquil Ecologico linear park promised to simultaneously upgrade both social and environmental dimensions. However, it did not fully address the complexity of Guayaquil’s socio-ecological context and some of the structural injustices of the estuarine territory. Buen Vivir was rhetorically mobilised to implement a project where aesthetic dimensions dominated, further perpetuating socio-ecological vulnerabilities through relocation and evictions. Furthermore, its implementation was dependent on a specific political moment, leaving it in a state of abandonment and neglect. The Buen Vivir philosophy—as a decolonial stance that challenges western forms of development—can offer a fundamental base to question current modes of territorial occupation based on extractivist planning and design strategies. It holds significant potential to serve as base to re-think the relationship between forms of settlement, natural dynamics, and worldviews.

Evaluating Infill Well Performance and Fracture Driven Interactions Using Intervention Based Distributed Fiber Optics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Attia ◽  
Matthew Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Production Output ◽  
Long Carbon Fiber ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Distributed Fiber Optics (DFO) technology has been the new face for unconventional well diagnostics. This technology focuses on measuring Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and Distrusted Temperature Sensing (DTS) to give an in-depth understanding of well productivity pre and post stimulation. Many different completion design strategies, both on surface and downhole, are used to obtain the best fracture network outcome; however, with complex geological features, different fracture designs, and fracture driven interactions (FDIs) effecting nearby wells, it is difficult to grasp a full understanding on completion design performance for each well. Validating completion designs and improving on the learnings found in each data set should be the foundation in developing each field. Capturing a data set with strong evidence of what works and what doesn't, can help the operator make better engineering decisions to make more efficient wells as well as help gauge the spacing between each well. The focus of this paper will be on a few case studies in the Bakken which vividly show how infill wells greatly interfered with production output. A DFO deployed with a 0.6" OD, 23,000-foot-long carbon fiber rod to acquire DAS and DTS for post frac flow, completion, and interference evaluation. This paper will dive into the DFO measurements taken post frac to further explain what effects are seen on completion designs caused by interferences with infill wells; the learnings taken from the DFO post frac were applied to further escalate the understanding and awareness of how infill wells will preform on future pad sites. A showcase of three separate data sets from the Bakken will identify how effective DFO technology can be in evaluating and making informed decisions on future frac completions. In this paper we will also show and discuss how DFO can measure real time FDI events and what measures can be taken to lessen the impact on negative interference caused by infill wells.

Design strategies for ceria nanomaterials: untangling key mechanistic concepts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwen Xu ◽  
Sajjad S. Mofarah ◽  
Rashid Mehmood ◽  
Claudio Cazorla ◽  
Pramod Koshy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Strategies

The present work provides a comprehensive array of design parameters for the fabrication of the principal morphologies of nanoceria.

scholarly journals JointL1/2-Norm Constraint and Graph-Laplacian PCA Method for Feature Extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Mei Feng ◽  
Ying-Lian Gao ◽  
Jin-Xing Liu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Dong-Qin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Graph Laplacian ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Norm Constraint ◽  
Alm Method ◽  
Pca Algorithm

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a tool for dimensionality reduction is widely used in many areas. In the area of bioinformatics, each involved variable corresponds to a specific gene. In order to improve the robustness of PCA-based method, this paper proposes a novel graph-Laplacian PCA algorithm by adoptingL1/2constraint (L1/2gLPCA) on error function for feature (gene) extraction. The error function based onL1/2-norm helps to reduce the influence of outliers and noise. Augmented Lagrange Multipliers (ALM) method is applied to solve the subproblem. This method gets better results in feature extraction than other state-of-the-art PCA-based methods. Extensive experimental results on simulation data and gene expression data sets demonstrate that our method can get higher identification accuracies than others.

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