scholarly journals VORTEX FORCE ANALYSIS OF WAVE-DRIVEN NEARSHORE CIRCULATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Morteza Derakhti ◽  
Robert A. Dalrymple
Keyword(s):  
Incident Wave ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Nearshore Circulation ◽  
Wave Trains ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms

In this presentation, we examine 3-D structure of nearshore circulation driven by short-crested wave breaking using the 3-D Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic model, GPUSPH (Hérault et al., 2010). The alongshore variation of incident wave field has been imposed by using the method of intersecting wave trains proposed by Dalrymple (1975). We use the 3-D vortex force formalism to analyze the various forcing mechanisms of the observed circulation. Of particular interest is the relative importance of the vortex force compared with the other wave-averaged forces. The accuracy of the depth-averaged vortex force based on the formulation of Smith [2006] is also examined.

scholarly journals WAVE BREAKING AND WAVE SETUP OF ARTIFICIAL REEF WITH INCLINED CROWN

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Keisuke Murakami ◽  
Daisuke Maki
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Incident Wave ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wave Setup ◽  
Other Hand

INTRODUCION The beach protection facilities are required in some situations to harmonize with coastal environments and utilizations(National Association of Sea Coast,2004). This study investigates some hydraulic functions of proposed multipurpose artificial reef which has an inclined reef crown. The reef is expected to protect beaches against storm waves, and also facilitates the surfing activities under mild wave conditions. The forced wave breaking on the reef sometimes causes a mass transport and wave setup. This study focuses on the following hydraulic characters to clear the efficiencies of proposed artificial reef with inclined crown. 1) Wave energy dissipation by the reef, 2) Generation of suitable wave breakers for surfing, 3) Wave setup behind the reef. HYDRAULIC EXPERIMENT SETUP A series of hydraulic experiments were carried out with using a two-dimensional wave flume. The model scale was assumed 1/30. Three kinds of cross sections were employed as the model of artificial reef (Fig.-1). Both Case-A and Case-B have the inclined crown. The cross section of Case-C, which has a flat crown, is set as a typical cross section of conventional artificial reef. The reef length of Case-A is the same as that of Case-C, and Case-B is double the length of Case-A. Two different submerged depths of crown, hc=2cm and 5cm, were set in the experiments. In Case-A and Case-B, their submerged depth of crown, hc, were defined as the minimum depth at the onshore edge of the crown. The incident wave heights were changed at 1cm intervals from 4cm to 9cm, and the periods were also chanced at 1 sec. intervals from 1 sec. to 2.4 sec. for each wave height. SUMMARY OF RESULTS The energy flux ratio of transmitted waves in Case-B shows similar values in Case-C under the stormy wave conditions in the case of hc=2cm. The longer reef shows favorable characters in dissipating wave energy as well as in maintaining a wider breaker zone on its crown. On the other hand, the transmitted energy flux in Case-A become slightly higher than that in Case-C. The inclined shape of the reef crown closely relates to both the type of wave breakers and the generation of higher order waves. Wave breakers observed in Case-A and Case-B are almost Plunging breaker or Collapsing breaker, and these breakers are suitable for surfing(Walker, et.al.,1972). In Case-C, on the other hand, most incident waves break at the offshore edge of the crown with backwash(Fig.-2). This means that the slope on the reef crown play an important roll in generating suitable breakers for surfing. Type of wave breakers on the inclined reef were summarized by surf similarity parameter(Battjes,1974). Fig.-3 shows the normalized wave setup behind each reef. The wave setup differs depending the reef sections. Case-A and Case-B check the wave setup effectively in comparison with Case-C. This excellent checking effect can be observed in the wide range of incident wave height and wave period. Through a series of hydraulic experiments, it is cleared that the difference of wave setup observed behind the reefs relates to the wave breaker type and wave breaker point on the reefs.

Exploration of Product Centric Factors in Telecom Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Ganeti ◽  
Rajat Agarwal ◽  
Murali Krishna Medudula ◽  
Mahim Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Telecom Service ◽  
Telecom Industry

Telecom industry is one of those industries which has changed dramatically during the past decade. With more and more players entering in this industry, competition is ever increasing. The war between these players is slowly shifting from the price to the augmentation. This paper aims at exploring such factors which influence a customers preference of one telecom service provider (TSP) over the other. It is a descriptive research where study has been conducted among the consumers of different telecom service providers (TSPs). By reviewing the existing literature in this domain, we explored different factors which affect the consumers decision to prefer one telecom service provider over the other. A consumer targeted questionnaire was designed where consumers were asked about the factors they consider (with their relative importance quantified using Likert scale), before buying a new network connection to know the relative importance of the various factors. Factor Analysis was performed to club various variables into distinct factors. Statistical techniques then helped in identifying the relative importance. From the Factor Loading matrix the following five factors were generated:- Overall service quality, Point of Purchase Differentiator, Promotion Measures, Tariff Plans and Size of the Network. Further study in the behavioural perceptions of consumer shows that the most important factor in influencing the customer buying behavior is Service Quality. The second most important factor is cost and various plans offered by the telecom service provider. Network connectivity was considered by almost all the respondents and consumers prefer the largest network player. The study also found that promotional measures dont influence the customers as expected.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Associated with Large Daily Rainfall Events in Northeast Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brant Liebmann ◽  
George N. Kiladis ◽  
Dave Allured ◽  
Carolina S. Vera ◽  
Charles Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Wave Trains ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms

Abstract The mechanisms resulting in large daily rainfall events in Northeast Brazil are analyzed using data filtering to exclude periods longer than 30 days. Composites of circulation fields that include all independent events do not reveal any obvious forcing mechanisms as multiple patterns contribute to Northeast Brazil precipitation variability. To isolate coherent patterns, subsets of events are selected based on anomalies that precede the Northeast Brazil precipitation events at different locations. The results indicate that at 10°S, 40°W, the area of lowest annual rainfall in Brazil, precipitation occurs mainly in association with trailing midlatitude synoptic wave trains originating in either hemisphere. Closer to the equator at 5°S, 37.5°W, an additional convection precursor is found to the west, with a spatial structure consistent with that of a Kelvin wave. Although these two sites are located within only several hundred kilometers of each other and the midlatitude patterns that induce precipitation appear to be quite similar, the dates on which large precipitation anomalies occur at each location are almost entirely independent, pointing to separate forcing mechanisms.

An Inverse Force Analysis of a Planar Two-Spring System

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Pigoski ◽  
Joseph Duffy
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Spring Stiffness ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Real Solutions ◽  
Variable Elimination ◽  
Spring System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Resultant Length ◽  
Inverse Force

Abstract A closed-form inverse force analysis was performed on a planar two-spring system. The two springs were grounded to pivots at one end and attached to a common pivot at the other. A known force was applied to the common pivot of the system, and it was required to determine all of the assembly configurations. By variable elimination, a sixth degree polynomial in the resultant length of one spring was derived, and from this, six real solutions of the point of application of force were obtained. Following this, the applied force was incremented along a line and the six paths of the moving pivot were tracked starting from the zero-load configurations. An analysis of these results showed stability phenomena indicating the workspace of this system contained regions of negative spring stiffness and points of catastrophe.

scholarly journals Quantifying Asymmetric Wave Breaking and Two-Way Transport

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (22) ◽  
pp. 2735-2748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stratospheric Polar Vortex ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Rossby Wave Breaking ◽  
Advection Diffusion Equation ◽  
Extratropical Tropopause ◽  
Asymmetric Wave

Abstract Effective diffusivity calculated from a scalar field that obeys the advection–diffusion equation has proved useful for estimating the permeability of unsteady boundaries of air masses such as the edge of the stratospheric polar vortex and the extratropical tropopause. However, the method does not discriminate the direction of transport—whereas some material crosses the boundary from one side to the other, some material does so in the other direction—yet the extant method concerns only the net transport. In this paper, the diagnostic is extended to allow partitioning of fluxes of mass and tracer into opposing directions. This is accomplished by discriminating the regions of “inward” and “outward” wave breaking with the local curvature of the tracer field. The utility of the new method is demonstrated for nonlinear Kelvin– Helmholtz instability and Rossby wave breaking in the stratosphere using a numerically generated tracer. The method successfully quantifies two-way transport and hence the direction of wave breaking—the predominantly equatorward breaking of Rossby waves in the extratropical middle stratosphere, for example. Isolated episodes of mixing are identified well, particularly by the mass flux that primarily arises from the tracer filaments. Comparison of different transport schemes suggests that the results are reasonably robust under a varying subgrid representation of the model.

scholarly journals Fertility and its relation to social conditions A study of the vital statistics of London in 1930–1932

1937 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
The Military

The rapid decline of the birth-rate in nearly all countries of western Europe has naturally attracted much attention. Some have studied the probable effects upon the absolute size and the age constitution of the population, and the consequence entailed upon the military and economic strength of a nation. Others have drawn attention to resulting change's in the relative importance of diseases of young, adult and old ages. Changes in mere numbers depend wholly, and the other changes to a considerable extent, upon quantitative factors; they must occur even if the quality of those born differs in no way from that of those produced when fertility was at a higher level. But, if the quality of births changes with their quantity, then the consequences of decrease of numbers may be better or worse than mere numerical changes would involve.

scholarly journals Estructura de preferencias de los consumidores de vino y actitudes hacia los vinos con denominación de origen. El caso de Castilla-La Mancha

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bernabéu ◽  
M. Olmeda ◽  
M. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
The One

This paper covers a dual objective. On the one hand, the relative importance was determined of the wine attributes that influence the formation of consumer preferences in Castilla-La Mancha. On the other, consumer attitude was analysed towards wine with Castilla-La Mancha’s most important Designation of Origin (D.O.) certifications (D.O. La Mancha and D.O. Valdepeñas), compared with the best-known wine in the national ambit (D.O. Rioja). As a result of the first objective, the most relevant attributes are price, colour (red, white), certification and origin, in this order. The second objective shows that D.O. La Mancha and D.O. Valdepeñas are considered cheaper wines, of habitual consumption and a lower prestige image, while D.O. Rioja wines are seen as prestigious and expensive, so their consumption is considered appropriate for special occasions.

scholarly journals On the Mechanism of Protection against Infective Disease

1928 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
M. Greenwood ◽  
E. M. Newbold ◽  
W. W. C. Topley ◽  
J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Selective Mortality ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Infective Disease ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

In the course of a paper by the present writers (this Journal, xxv, 336–53) an attempt was made to assess the relative importance of selective mortality on the one hand and sub-lethal infection on the other in increasing herd resistance to subsequent exposure to infection. The subject was further considered by one of us (E.M.N.) in a later report (this Journal, xxvi, 19–27).

scholarly journals Inositol phosphate release and steroidogenesis in rat adrenal glomerulosa cells. Comparison of the effects of endothelin, angiotensin II and vasopressin

1990 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Woodcock ◽  
P J Little ◽  
J K Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Phosphate Release ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol Turnover ◽  
Transient Rise ◽  
Glomerulosa Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

Endothelin has steroidogenic activity in adrenal glomerulosa cells, as do two other vasoconstrictor peptides, angiotensin II and vasopressin. The steroidogenic activities of angiotensin II and vasopressin are probably mediated via the phosphatidylinositol-turnover pathway and associated changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Endothelin caused a steroidogenic response, which was small compared with that to angiotensin II and quantitatively similar to the vasopressin response. Cytosolic free Ca2+ responses were similarly higher to angiotensin II than to either of the other two peptides. However, total inositol phosphate responses to endothelin and angiotensin II were similar when these were measured over 20 min, and were quantitatively greater than the vasopressin response. A detailed study has been made of the phosphatidylinositol-turnover response to endothelin in comparison with responses to angiotensin II and vasopressin. Each of the three peptides produced a rapid and transient rise in Ins(1,4,5)P3 (max. 5-15 s), followed by a slow sustained rise. Ins(1,4,5)P3 was metabolized by both dephosphorylation and phosphorylation pathways, but the relative importance of the two metabolic pathways was different under stimulation by each of the three peptides. These findings show that adrenal glomerulosa cells can distinguish between the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover by three different effectors. These differences in the pathway may be associated with the observed different steroidogenic and Ca2+ responses to the three peptides.

Hybrids between Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini: characterization by cercarial emergence rhythms

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thèron
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Genetic Determinism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Emergence Rhythm ◽  
Cercarial Emergence

SummaryHybridization between Schistosoma mansoni, with a diurnal cercarial emergence rhythm and S. rodhaini, with a nocturnal cercarial shedding pattern leads to F1 and F2 generations, hybrid schistosomes whose chronobiological phenotype of cercariae is characterized by two unequal emergence peaks, one diurnal and the other nocturnal. The relative importance of diurnal and nocturnal peaks depends upon which S. mansoni strain (early or late) is used for the hybridization with S. rodhaini. The results are compared and discussed with those resulting from crosses between intraspecific sympatric and allopatric chronobiological variants (early and late) of S. mansoni. The genetic determinism of the cercarial emergence of schistosomes and the significant differences observed between cercarial shedding patterns of parental species and their hybrids allow the use of this behavioural marker in biological and genetical studies in schistosome populations.

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