EFFECTS OF TIDE AND WAVE DIRECTIONALITY ON LOCALIZED TSUNAMI-INDUCED CURRENTS IN PORT AND HARBORS

2017 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Aykut Ayca ◽  
Patrick Joseph Lynett ◽  
Rick Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Wave Directionality ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Tsunami Amplitude ◽  
Tide Interaction

Here, we present the results of a numerical modeling study to investigate how the maxima of the tsunami-induced currents vary due to dynamic effects of tides and wave directivity. A sensitivity analyses was conducted in three harbors by coupling the tsunami with the tide signal at twelve different tide levels. We find that tsunami-tide interaction can change the maximum current speed experienced in a harbor by up to 25% for the events and harbors studied, and that this effect is highly site-specific. To evaluate the effect of wave directionality on maximum currents, three earthquakes with different magnitudes were devised along the Pacific, which were also tuned to create the same maximum near-harbor amplitude. Our analysis also shows that, for the harbor and sources examined, the effect of offshore directionality and tsunami frequency content has a very weak effect on the maximum currents experienced in the harbor. The much more important dependency on maximum currents is on the near-harbor amplitude of the wave, indicating that currents in a harbor from a tsunami generated by a large far-field earthquake may be reasonably well predicted with only information about the predicted local tsunami amplitude. This study was motivated by the hope of constructing a basis for understanding the dynamic effects of tides and wave directivity on current-based tsunami hazards in a coastal zone by the application of numerical simulation tools for hazard mapping purposes. The consideration of these aspects is crucial and yet challenging in the modeling of tsunami currents.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TSUNAMIS ORIGINATING IN THE PERU-CHILE TRENCH

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
A.W. Garcia ◽  
H.L. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Chile Tsunami ◽  
Tsunami Amplitude

The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers has as an objective of its research and development program the determination of better harbor design criteria for tsunami protection. A previous report (Houston, et. al., 1975b) addressed the subject of tsunami vulnerability of the Pacific Coast of the continental United States to tsunamis originating in the Aleutian Trench. That report determined the variation in tsunami amplitude as a function of coastal distance due to a standard uplift source at different locations in the Aleutian Trench. The present report is a continuation of that study and addresses the subject of tsunami vulnerability along the same stretch of coast to tsunamis originating in the Peru-Chile Trench. In addition, modifications to the numerical code used in the previous report allowed the simulation of the Chile tsunami of May 22, 1960.

scholarly journals Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Grid-Integrated and Islanded Solar PV Systems for the Ethiopian Residential Sector: Considering an Emerging Utility Tariff Plan for 2021 and Beyond

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3360
Author(s):  
Tefera Mekonnen ◽  
Ramchandra Bhandari ◽  
Venkata Ramayya
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

Currently, difficulties such as the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the associated environmental pollution have driven the rise of other energy systems based on green energy sources. In this research, modeling and a viability study of grid-connected and islanded photovoltaic (PV) power systems for supplying the residential load in Mekelle City, Ethiopia, were carried out considering the country’s emerging utility tariff plan for 2021 and beyond. The technical viability of the proposed supply option was analyzed using PVGIS, PVWatts and HOMER Pro tool, while the economic and environmental optimization aspects were carried out using HOMER Pro. Sensitivity analyses and output comparisons among the three renewable energy simulation tools are presented. The results showed that under the consideration of an incremental electricity tariff plan (up to 2021), the analyzed cost of energy of the grid/PV system is around 12% lower than the utility grid tariff. Moreover, we also found that by taking the continuous global solar PV cost reduction into account, the cost of energy of the modeled islanded operation of solar PV power units totally broke the grid tariff in Ethiopia after 2029 based on the tariff for 2021 and well before with the expected escalation of the grid tariff on an annual basis. The technical performance of the system realized through PVGIS and PVWatts was almost comparable to the HOMER Pro outputs. Thus, this investigation will offer a clear direction to the concerned target groups and policy developers in the evolution of PV power supply options throughout the technically viable locations in the country.

Medium-Range Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis of Two Extreme Pacific Extratropical Cyclones

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund K. M. Chang ◽  
Minghua Zheng ◽  
Kevin Raeder
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Atmospheric Flow ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Forecast Validation ◽  
Better Than

Abstract In this study, ensemble sensitivity analysis has been applied to examine the evolution of two extreme extratropical cyclones over the Pacific. Sensitivity using, as forecast metrics, forecast cyclone minimum pressure and location, as well as principal components (PCs) of the leading EOFs in forecast SLP variations near the cyclone center, has been computed for medium-range forecasts of up to 7.5 days. Results presented here show that coherent sensitivity patterns can be tracked from the forecast validation time back in time to at least day −6, with the sensitivity signal exhibiting downstream development characteristics in most cases. Comparing the different forecast metrics, sensitivity patterns derived from the PCs of the leading EOFs in forecast SLP variations are apparently more coherent than those derived from cyclone parameters. To test whether the linear sensitivity analyses provide quantitatively accurate guidance under the highly nonlinear evolution of the atmospheric flow, perturbed initial condition experiments have been conducted using initial condition perturbations derived based on ensemble sensitivity. Results of this study suggest that in the medium range, perturbations derived from cyclone parameters are quite effective in modifying the evolution of the cyclones out to 5.5 days, but are largely ineffective for 7.5-day forecasts. On the other hand, perturbations derived based on the PCs of the leading EOFs are still quite effective in modifying forecast cyclone location out to 7.5 days. These results suggest that EOF-based sensitivities perform better than cyclone parameter-based sensitivities in the medium range.

scholarly journals Simulation-Based Decision Support Tools in the Early Design Stages of a Green Building—A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Han ◽  
Qiong Huang ◽  
Anxiao Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Simulation Engine ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Early Design Stages

Early simulation work in the decision-making stage faces several challenges, including, for example, rapid changes of design, input variable uncertainties, and the lack of design information, although early design work represents a large percentage of energy saving potential. The availability of simulation tools for early design stages can help the architect analyze more alternatives. In this study, the existing simulation tools were explored and classified into three categories: simulation plugins based on the design software, geometry user interfaces for a simulation engine, and self-governing simulation tools. Each category’s typical tools were illustrated with their use, and a uniform standard comparison was conducted to screen tools that are available in the early design stages. The future trends of simulation tools are discussed in the second part: building databases based on existing knowledge, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, and optimization. Time-consuming simulation is a problem in the use of simulation tools in early design stages. Advanced techniques were developed in this part for fast computing, i.e., cloud computing, parallel computing, meta-models, and more statistical methods. This paper illustrates the practical application of particular simulation tools in the early design stage, presents their limitations, and discusses decision-support tools for specific building design activities.

The Philological Association of The Pacific Coast

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1373-1374
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
The Pacific

The thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Philological Association of the Pacific Coast was held at Stanford University, California, on November 29 and 30, 1935.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
G.C. Bellolio ◽  
K.S. Lohrmann ◽  
E.M. Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Argopecten Purpuratus ◽  
Veliger Larvae ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

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