scholarly journals BREAKING WAVE KINEMATICS, LOCAL PRESSURES, AND FORCES ON A TRIPOD STRUCTURE

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Hildebrandt ◽  
Torsten Schlurmann
Keyword(s):  
Wave Front ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents breaking wave loads on a tripod structure from physical model tests and numerical simulations. The large scale model tests (1:12) are described as well as the validation of the three dimensional numerical model by comparison of CFD wave gauge data and pressures with measurements in the large wave flume inside and outside the impact area. Subsequently, the impact areas due to a broken wave, a curled wave front as well as for wave breaking directly at the structure with a partly vertical wave front are compared to each other. Line forces in terms of slamming coefficients with variation in time and space are derived from CFD results and the velocity distribution is presented at the onset of wave breaking. Finally, the results are briefly discussed in comparison to other slamming studies.

Small and Large Scale Experimental Investigations of Wave Loads on a Slender Pile Within Closely Spaced Neighbouring Piles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisham Bonakdar ◽  
Hocine Oumeraci
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Wave Flume

Wave loads on a slender pile within a group of piles are studied by means of (i) large-scale laboratory tests carried out in the Large Wave Flume (GWK) of the Coastal Research Centre (FZK) in Hannover, and (ii) small scale experiments performed in 2 m-wide wave flume of Leichtweiss-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources (LWI), in Braunschweig, Germany. The small scale model tests (LWI) were scaled down (1:6.5) by Froude law from the large scale model tests (GWK). Scale and model effects are examined by comparing the results of small and large scale laboratory tests.

Large-Scale Model Tests With Wave Loading on Offshore Platform Deck Elements

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Sterndorff
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Offshore Platform ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Wave Loading ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Wave Channel ◽  
The Individual

The present paper concerns a detailed large-scale experimental study of wave loading on offshore platform decks. A series of model tests with wave loading on different types of deck elements have been performed in the large wave channel (GWK) at Forschungszentrum Kiiste in Hannover, Germany. The following types of deck elements have been considered: tubular elements, plate profiles, and HEB beam profiles. The tests have been performed with individual elements and arrays of elements. Tests have also been performed with an array of beam elements covered with deck plating. A large range of different wave types, air gaps, and inundation’s have been tested. Regular waves with wave height ranging from 1.4 m to 1.8 m, irregular waves and wave packages with crest heights ranging from 0.9 m to 1.6 m have been tested. During the tests the following parameters were measured: wave elevations, deck element inundation’s, wave kinematics profile, and wave forces on the individual deck elements. The model test results will be analysed to provide hydrodynamic load coefficients to a wave-in-deck load programme based on the concept of change of fluid momentum. The results will also be used to verify a CFD code based on the Volume of Fluid method.

scholarly journals WAVE LOADS ON EXPOSED JETTIES: DESCRIPTION OF LARGE SCALE EXPERIMENTS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Martinelli ◽  
Alberto Lamberti ◽  
Maria Gabriella Gaeta ◽  
Matteo Tirindelli ◽  
John Alderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
The Impact

The large scale experiments described in this paper were carried out at the Large Wave Flume (GWK, Große Wellenkanal) in Hanover (Germany). The research team included Universities of Bologna (IT), Edinburgh (UK), Southampton (UK), Plymouth (UK), HR Wallingford (UK) and Coast & Harbor Engineering Inc (USA). Wave-induced loads on close-to-prototype scale jetties were measured, with particular attention to scale effects due to air content in water. The aim of the paper is to present the tests, describe the impact process and give preliminary results concerning uplift loads.

scholarly journals WAVE LOADS ON AND BENEATH BONDED PERMEABLE REVETMENTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Gisa Ludwigs ◽  
Hocine Oumeraci ◽  
Tijl Staal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Large Scale Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coastal Research

Permeable revetments made of bonded mineral aggregates may increasingly be favoured compared to standard revetments. However, the physical processes associated with the water–structure–soil-interaction for a wide range of wave conditions are still not well understood. Therefore, systematic large-scale model tests have been performed in the Large Wave Flume (GWK) of the Coastal Research Centre (FZK) in Hannover, with the intention of improving the understanding of these processes.

scholarly journals LARGE-SCALE AND SMALL-SCALE EFFECTS IN WAVE BREAKING INTERACTION ON VERTICAL WALL ATTACHED WITH LARGE RECURVE PARAPET

2020 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Rajendran Ravindar ◽  
V Sriram ◽  
Stefan Schimmels ◽  
Dimitris Stagonas
Keyword(s):  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Impact Pressure ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scaling Method ◽  
The Impact

Two sets of experiments on the vertical wall attached with recurve parapets performed at 1:1 and 1:8 scale are compared to study the influence of scale, model and laboratory effects. The small-scale (1:8) experiment scaled to large-scale (1:1) using Froude scaling, and Cuomo et al. (2010) method are compared. Comparing both the methods for scaling impact pressure, Cuomo et al. (2010) predicts well in the impact zone, whereas Froude scaling is better in the up-rushing zone. In estimating integrated impact force, Froude scaling method over-estimates compared to Cuomo et al. (2010). Overall, Cuomo et al. (2010) work better for scaling up impact pressure and forces compared to Froude scaling method. These preliminary observations are based on one type of recurved parapets only.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/w9WipBjMWzw

scholarly journals Assessment of Numerical Methods for Plunging Breaking Wave Predictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Shanti Bhushan ◽  
Oumnia El Fajri ◽  
Graham Hubbard ◽  
Bradley Chambers ◽  
Christopher Kees
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Wave ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Wave Crest ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Rans Turbulence Models ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Better Than

This study evaluates the capability of Navier–Stokes solvers in predicting forward and backward plunging breaking, including assessment of the effect of grid resolution, turbulence model, and VoF, CLSVoF interface models on predictions. For this purpose, 2D simulations are performed for four test cases: dam break, solitary wave run up on a slope, flow over a submerged bump, and solitary wave over a submerged rectangular obstacle. Plunging wave breaking involves high wave crest, plunger formation, and splash up, followed by second plunger, and chaotic water motions. Coarser grids reasonably predict the wave breaking features, but finer grids are required for accurate prediction of the splash up events. However, instabilities are triggered at the air–water interface (primarily for the air flow) on very fine grids, which induces surface peel-off or kinks and roll-up of the plunger tips. Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models result in high eddy-viscosity in the air–water region which decays the fluid momentum and adversely affects the predictions. Both VoF and CLSVoF methods predict the large-scale plunging breaking characteristics well; however, they vary in the prediction of the finer details. The CLSVoF solver predicts the splash-up event and secondary plunger better than the VoF solver; however, the latter predicts the plunger shape better than the former for the solitary wave run-up on a slope case.

scholarly journals 3DIV update for 2021: a comprehensive resource of 3D genome and 3D cancer genome

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (D1) ◽  
pp. D38-D46
Author(s):  
Kyukwang Kim ◽  
Insu Jang ◽  
Mooyoung Kim ◽  
Jinhyuk Choi ◽  
Min-Seo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Genome ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) genome organization is tightly coupled with gene regulation in various biological processes and diseases. In cancer, various types of large-scale genomic rearrangements can disrupt the 3D genome, leading to oncogenic gene expression. However, unraveling the pathogenicity of the 3D cancer genome remains a challenge since closer examinations have been greatly limited due to the lack of appropriate tools specialized for disorganized higher-order chromatin structure. Here, we updated a 3D-genome Interaction Viewer and database named 3DIV by uniformly processing ∼230 billion raw Hi-C reads to expand our contents to the 3D cancer genome. The updates of 3DIV are listed as follows: (i) the collection of 401 samples including 220 cancer cell line/tumor Hi-C data, 153 normal cell line/tissue Hi-C data, and 28 promoter capture Hi-C data, (ii) the live interactive manipulation of the 3D cancer genome to simulate the impact of structural variations and (iii) the reconstruction of Hi-C contact maps by user-defined chromosome order to investigate the 3D genome of the complex genomic rearrangement. In summary, the updated 3DIV will be the most comprehensive resource to explore the gene regulatory effects of both the normal and cancer 3D genome. ‘3DIV’ is freely available at http://3div.kr.

Large scale model tests on Royal Schelde SES

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. DE GAAIJ ◽  
E. VAN RIETBERGEN ◽  
M. SLEGERS
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Large Scale Model

scholarly journals The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) sounding network: operations, processing and analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Jensen ◽  
T. Toto ◽  
D. Troyan ◽  
P. E. Ciesielski ◽  
D. Holdridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Quality Checks ◽  
Network Operations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) took place during the spring of 2011 centered in north-central Oklahoma, USA. The main goal of this field campaign was to capture the dynamical and microphysical characteristics of precipitating convective systems in the US Central Plains. A major component of the campaign was a six-site radiosonde array designed to capture the large-scale variability of the atmospheric state with the intent of deriving model forcing data sets. Over the course of the 46-day MC3E campaign, a total of 1362 radiosondes were launched from the enhanced sonde network. This manuscript provides details on the instrumentation used as part of the sounding array, the data processing activities including quality checks and humidity bias corrections and an analysis of the impacts of bias correction and algorithm assumptions on the determination of convective levels and indices. It is found that corrections for known radiosonde humidity biases and assumptions regarding the characteristics of the surface convective parcel result in significant differences in the derived values of convective levels and indices in many soundings. In addition, the impact of including the humidity corrections and quality controls on the thermodynamic profiles that are used in the derivation of a large-scale model forcing data set are investigated. The results show a significant impact on the derived large-scale vertical velocity field illustrating the importance of addressing these humidity biases.

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