scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE OVERTOPPING BEHAVIOUR OF STEEP SLOPES – TRANSITION BETWEEN MILD SLOPES AND VERTICAL WALLS

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Lander Victor ◽  
Peter Troch
Keyword(s):  
Slope Angle ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Vertical Walls ◽  
The One ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Existing Data

Extensive knowledge is available on the overtopping behaviour of traditional smooth impermeable sea defence structures, such as mildly sloping dikes and vertical walls, both typically featuring a high crest freeboard to reduce wave overtopping. A particular design application emerges in the development of wave energy converters of the overtopping type, where maximisation of wave overtopping is required, i.e. smooth impermeable steep sloping structures with low crest freeboards subjected to non-breaking waves. To date, only relatively limited knowledge is available on the overtopping behaviour of those structures. In this study, the average overtopping rate obtained from new experiments has been analysed and compared with existing prediction methods. This study contributes to a better knowledge on the overtopping behaviour of the steep low-crested structures, which is positioned in between that of mildly sloping dikes and vertical walls on the one hand, and in between that of structures with zero crest freeboards and relatively large crest freeboards on the other hand. The existing prediction methods seem unable to predict the significant effects of the slope angle and small relative crest freeboards on the average overtopping rate accurately. Therefore, a new set of prediction formulae is proposed based on the new experiments combined with existing data from literature. These formulae include wave overtopping at vertical walls subjected to non-impacting waves and at structures with zero crest freeboard.

scholarly journals AVERAGE AND WAVE-BY-WAVE OVERTOPPING PERFORMANCE OF STEEP LOW-CRESTED STRUCTURES

2018 ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gallach-Sánchez ◽  
Peter Troch ◽  
Andreas Kortenhaus
Keyword(s):  
Change Process ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Individual Wave ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Steep Slopes

Wave overtopping is a key process in coastal protection. The assessment of the wave overtopping rates is an important aspect in the design of coastal structures. In this paper, the focus is on steep low-crested structures, which include structures with steep slopes up to the limit case with vertical structures, with small relative freeboards up to the case with zero freeboards. This type of structures is of use for coastal protection in the case of sea level rise within climate change process and for overtopping wave energy converters. A literature review of the overtopping knowledge available for steep low-crested structures is carried out, identifying a knowledge gap. To fill this knowledge gap, 2D hydraulic model tests were performed at the wave flume of the Department of Civil Engineering at Ghent University, measuring wave conditions and the overtopping performance. Average and individual wave overtopping were analysed and compared to existing prediction formulae. Inaccuracies in the existing prediction formulae are detected and studied, and enhanced prediction formulae are presented for the average overtopping and the probability distribution of the individual overtopping volumes. The new prediction formulae improve the accuracy of wave overtopping volumes for steep low-crested structures range while maintaining the accuracy for other types of structures. The improved understanding of the overtopping behaviour allows a safer design of coastal structures.

On Two Apriori-Based Rule Generators: Apriori in Prolog and Apriori in SQL

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sakai ◽  
Kao-Yi Shen ◽  
Michinori Nakata ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rough Sets ◽  
Equivalence Classes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Apriori Algorithm ◽  
Rule Generation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Table Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Existing Data

This paper focuses on two Apriori-based rule generators. The first is the rule generator in Prolog and C, and the second is the one in SQL. They are namedApriori in PrologandApriori in SQL, respectively. Each rule generator is based on the Apriori algorithm. However, each rule generator has its own properties. Apriori in Prolog employs the equivalence classes defined by table data sets and follows the framework of rough sets. On the other hand, Apriori in SQL employs a search for rule generation and does not make use of equivalence classes. This paper clarifies the properties of these two rule generators and considers effective applications of each to existing data sets.

scholarly journals Wave Overtopping of Stepped Revetments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils B. Kerpen ◽  
Talia Schoonees ◽  
Torsten Schlurmann
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Parameter Ranges

Wave overtopping—i.e., excess of water over the crest of a coastal protection infrastructure due to wave run-up—of a smooth slope can be reduced by introducing slope roughness. A stepped revetment ideally constitutes a slope with uniform roughness and can reduce overtopping volumes of breaking waves up to 60% compared to a smooth slope. The effectiveness of the overtopping reduction decreases with increasing Iribarren number. However, to date a unique approach applicable for a wide range of boundary conditions is still missing. The present paper: (i) critically reviews and analyzes previous findings; (ii) contributes new results from extensive model tests addressing present knowledge gaps; and (iii) proposes a novel empirical formulation for robust prediction of wave overtopping of stepped revetments for breaking and non-breaking waves. The developed approach contrasts a critical assessment based on parameter ranges disclosed beforehand between a smooth slope on the one hand and a plain vertical wall on the other. The derived roughness reduction coefficient is developed and adjusted for a direct incorporation into the present design guidelines. Underlying uncertainties due to scatter of the results are addressed and quantified. Scale effects are highlighted.

scholarly journals Challenges and life orientations of youth. The context of transition countries

Sociologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-209
Author(s):  
Krystyna Szafraniec
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Project ◽  
The Political ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
The One ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
New System

This paper focuses on the life orientations of youth living in postcommunist countries. Although a large part of them function today within the same global organism, their political past still differs them from the other countries, defining in a special way all the socialization space the youth grow up in. The analyses undertaken in this paper try to argue that this is not only the problem of the political heritage, but much more complicated interaction between transformation and globalization processes, that can be described in terms of glocal space, where nothing is the same, starting with socialization process, through life opportunities, and ending with political significance of youth. Empirical basis are here existing data collected in an international project covered Poland, Eastern Germany, Latvia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia, China and Vietnam. The analyses show life orientations of youth - representatives of the first generation, who have grown up intellectually within the new system - as an important driving force of changes, on the one hand, and equally serious source of social and political tensions, on the other, possible especially where the ?aspiration gap? (the distance between what young people aspire to and what they can achieve) is large and concerns considerable part of youth.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF THE WAVE OVERTOPPING DISCHARGE AT DIKES IN PRESENCE OF CROWN WALLS WITH BULLNOSES

2018 ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Barbara Zanuttigh ◽  
Sara Mizar Formentin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
First Time ◽  
Existing Data

New numerical and laboratory investigations on wave overtopping at dikes with crown walls were carried out. The main objective of the experiments, presented for the first time in this contribution, is to investigate the effects of the inclusion of bullnoses on the top of crown walls to reduce the average overtopping discharge q. The study extends the experience available on structures with bullnoses, which is so far limited to dikes with promenades under non-breaking wave conditions. The new data on q resulting from the campaign of experiments are compared with the existing predicting formulae for q of the EurOtop manual (2016), in order to verify and upgrade their range of validity. A formulation for a new correction coefficient γ** to be included in the formulae is proposed to account for the effects of the bullnose also in case of structures subjected to breaking waves. A simple solution to represent the geometry of the bullnoses in the EurOtop Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is investigated. The solution, which avoids the ANN re-training and does not require the inclusion of new input parameters, applied to new and existing data gives promising results.

scholarly journals UPDATE OF THE EUROTOP MANUAL: NEW INSIGHTS ON WAVE OVERTOPPING

2017 ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jentsje W. Van der Meer ◽  
William Allsop ◽  
Tom Bruce ◽  
Julien De Rouck ◽  
Tim Pullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Major Improvement ◽  
Vertical Walls ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Steep Slopes

Quite some new insights on wave overtopping were achieved since the first submission of the EurOtop Manual in 2007, which have now resulted in a second edition of this Manual. A major improvement has been made on the understanding of wave by wave overtopping and tolerable wave overtopping that is connected to it. Many videos are available on the overtopping website that show all kind of overtopping discharges and volumes and may give guidance for the user of the Manual. The EurOtop Neural Network and the EurOtop database are improved and extended versions of the earlier NN and CLASH database. New insights and prediction formulae have been developed for very low freeboards; for very steep slopes up to vertical walls; for run-up on steep slopes; for overtopping on storm walls on a promenade; and for overtopping on vertical walls, where overtopping has been divided in situations with and without an influencing foreshore and where the first situation may be divided in non-impulsive and impulsive overtopping.

The variations in milk yields caused by season of the year, service, age, and dry period, and their elimination: Part I. Season of the year

1927 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Primary Object ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Chief Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
Lactation Record ◽  
Existing Data

Although the primary object of recording cows' milk yields is to provide a means of comparing one individual with another, it is not satisfactorily achieved when the records have been obtained, since yields are influenced to a large extent by environmental factors which vary from cow to cow. The lactation record is the result of two sets of factors—genetic and environmental—and for purposes of selection and breeding it is important to be able to make accurate allowance for the one, so as to arrive at a good estimate of the other.Leaving aside the variation due to feeding and management (which, whilst undoubtedly large, is minimised for the cows of the same herd, and which it is hardly possible to study statistically in the existing data) the chief factors operating on the lactation yield (i.e. the measurable environmental factors) are the following:(1) Season of the year; the lactation yield is influenced to a certain extent by the month of the year in which the cow calves.(2) Service; i.e. the stage of the lactation at which the cow again becomes pregnant. The interval between calving and the next fertile service is here termed the Service Period (S.P.); thus if a cow calves on June 1st, and becomes pregnant again on July 1st, her S.P. for that lactation is 30 days.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

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