scholarly journals DESTRUCTION MECHANISM OF COASTAL LEVEES ON THE SENDAI BAY COAST HIT BY THE 2011 TSUNAMI

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Mano ◽  
Hitoshi Tanaka ◽  
Keiko Udo
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Destruction Mechanism ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Sendai Bay

A mega tsunami hit the Sendai Bay Coast on March 11, 2011, overtopped coastal levees and intruded into far inland while sweeping houses, people and others away. Eighty percent of the levees which rimmed the coast to protect the land from storm surges together with the wind waves were broken in various degrees of damage by the tsunami. The national and local governments decided to rebuild the levees to be durable even for mega tsunamis. This requirement motivates us to find the destruction mechanism of the coastal levees. We conducted field investigations and collected the tsunami records, aerial photos and tsunami videos. Especially, the video taken from the helicopter "Michinokugo" which flew along the Sendai Coast to the south during the attack of the tsunami’s leading wave enables us to see the breaking process. Integrated analysis leads to two step mechanisms of the destruction: the first step of breaking the upper structure of the levees by the surging bore of the leading wave and the second step of expanding erosion by the return flow concentration.

scholarly journals Operational Hazard Assessment of Waves and Storm Surges from Tropical Cyclones in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Appendini ◽  
Michel Rosengaus ◽  
Rafael Meza-Padillaand ◽  
Victor Camacho-Magaña
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Severe Storms ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Operational Tool

Abstract Tropical cyclones and their associated impacts along the western and eastern Mexican coastlines have led to the recent announcement of the creation of a National Hurricane and Severe Storms Center in Mexico. While Mexico falls under the responsibility of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Miami, the newly announced center aims to provide local warning advisories to local governments and emergency managers. This study developed their first operational tool, which provides rapid forecasts of hazard areas under the presence of waves and storm surges from tropical cyclones threatening Mexico. The tool is based on precomputed wave parameters and storm surges from 3,100 synthetic tropical cyclones. Maximum envelope maps for all of the events are stored in a system database that is accessed through a graphical interface. Using a search function of synthetic events, the user can select those events most analogous to the tropical cyclone in question in order to make an assessment of warning areas. The tool allows users to plot maximum envelope maps for individual events or maxima of maximum maps combining several events, either using precomputed values for the different parameters (wind, waves, and storm surge) or a normalized map. To demonstrate the capabilities of the operational tool, we present an example application based on Hurricane Patricia (2015). This tool could also be implemented by developing countries affected by tropical cyclones, which otherwise are often limited by numerical modeling capabilities, time, and budgets.

NUMERICAL MODELING OF STORM SURGES, WIND WAVES AND FLOODING IN THE TAGANROG BAY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Fomin ◽  
Vladimir Fomin ◽  
Dmitrii Alekseev ◽  
Dmitrii Alekseev ◽  
Dmitrii Lazorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Extreme Storm ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Model ◽  
Sea Level Oscillations ◽  
Flooding And Drying ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Taganrog Bay

Storm surges and wind waves are ones of the most important hydrological characteristics, which determine dynamics of the Sea of Azov. Extreme storm surges in Taganrog Bay and flooding in the Don Delta can be formed under the effect of strong western winds. In this work the sea level oscillations and wind waves in the Taganrog Bay were simulated by means of the coupled SWAN+ADCIRC numerical model, taking into account the flooding and drying mechanisms. The calculations were carried out on an unstructured mesh with high resolution. The wind and atmospheric pressure fields for the extreme storm from 20 to 28 of September, 2014 obtained from WRF regional atmospheric model were used as forcing. The analysis of simulation results showed the following. The western and northern parts of the Don Delta were the most flood-prone during the storm. The size of the flooded area of the Don Delta exceeded 50%. Interaction of storm surge and wind wave accelerated the flooding process, increased the size of the flooded area and led to the intensification of wind waves in the upper of Taganrog Bay due to the general rise of the sea level.

Prediction of Storm Surges and Wind Waves in Mobile Bay, AL

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Chen ◽  
Lixia Wang ◽  
Haihong Zhao ◽  
Scott L. Douglass
Keyword(s):  
Wind Waves ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Mobile Bay

Prediction of Storm Surges and Wind Waves on Coastal Highways in Hurricane-Prone Areas

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Chen ◽  
Lixia Wang ◽  
Haihong Zhao ◽  
Scott L. Douglass
Keyword(s):  
Wind Waves ◽  
Storm Surges

scholarly journals Drag Force Modeling of Surface Wave Dissipation by a Vegetation Field

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2513
Author(s):  
Tze-Yi Yang ◽  
I-Chi Chan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Force Modeling ◽  
Wave Height Attenuation ◽  
Large Wind ◽  
Natural Barrier

In this paper, we explore the use of coastal vegetation as a natural barrier to defend our shoreline from hazards caused by large wind waves, storm surges, and tsunamis. A numerical model based on XBeach is employed to evaluate the wave damping by vegetation. An explicit formula for the required drag coefficient used to help describe the additional force imposed by the vegetation is developed through a series of numerical experiments. Overall, our predictions agree reasonably with available laboratory data in the literature for various incident wave conditions and vegetation configurations. Our analysis suggests that a small unvegetated open space in the middle of a vegetation strip does not have a significant impact on the amount of wave height attenuation at the exit of the vegetated bed.

Ocean wave spectra estimation with the Earth Explorer 10 candidate Harmony

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Kleinherenbrink ◽  
Paco Lopez-Dekker ◽  
Bertrand Chapron ◽  
Alexis Mouche
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Wave Spectra ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Limited Coverage

<p>Tropical cyclones are commonly linked to devastation by hurricane-force winds, storm surges and rainfall. They are also responsible for large exchanges of heat in the upper ocean and the atmosphere, and the transport of large quantities of water from ocean to land. Due to the limited coverage of microwave observations from airplanes and the limited resolution of spaceborne scatterometers, the dynamics inside these extremes are poorly sampled and understood. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) overcomes these limitations, but is only able to recover one-dimensional information, which limits the accuracy of estimated quantities like wind speed, total surface current and wave spectra. Waves radiating outward are, during their development, affected by wind and currents inside of the tropical cyclone and therefore contain information about the structure and dynamics of the system. Wave spectra in tropical cyclones can only partly be recovered, as the quickly changing sea surface limits the resolution of SAR in the azimuth direction. This presentation shows the benefit of having Harmony's bi-static receivers flying in a StereoSAR configuration with Sentinel-1D for the retrieval of wave spectra. Harmony's data allows for the retrieval of a larger fraction of the wave spectra. In the periphery of tropical cyclones Harmony will primarily enhance the recovery of medium-length (100-300 m) swell and wind waves, while Harmony also improves the recovery of long (swell) waves (>200 m) near the eye of the storm.</p>

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