scholarly journals WAVE TRANSMISSION ACROSS SUBMERGED NEAR-SURFACE BREAKWATERS

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark B. Adams ◽  
Choule J. Sonu
Keyword(s):  
Model Test ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wave Transmission ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Submerged Breakwater ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Santa Monica

Wave transmission across a submerged breakwater at Santa Monica, California, is examined through a three-dimensional model test. The results agree with empirical criteria previously proposed by Tanaka (1976).

Simulating the Behaviour and Fate of an Oil Spill Using a Coupled Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 901-918
Author(s):  
James A. Stronach ◽  
Aurelien Hospital
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Oil behavior and fate have been simulated extensively by several spill models. These simulations can be greatly enhanced by the use of a coupled three-dimensional model of currents and water properties to determine oil transport and weathering, both on the water surface and in the water column. Several physical and chemical processes such as vertical dispersion in response to wave action, resurfacing when waves die down, sinking through loss of volatiles and dissolution are essential in assessing the impact of an oil spill on the environment. Dissolution is especially important, considering the known toxicity of several of the constituents of liquid hydrocarbons. For this study, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of coastal British Columbia was coupled to an oil trajectory and weathering model in order to simulate the complete fate and behaviour of surface, shoreline-retained, dissolved, sunken and dispersed oil. Utilization of a three-dimensional model is the key to adequately modelling the transport of a spill in an estuarine region such as in the Strait of Georgia, B.C., where the distribution of currents and water properties is strongly affected by estuarine processes: the Fraser River enters at the surface and oceanic waters from the Pacific enter as a deep inflow. Three-dimensional currents and water properties were provided by the hydrodynamic model, H3D, a semi-implicit model using a staggered Arakawa grid and variable number of layers in the vertical direction to resolve near-surface processes. Waves were simulated using the wave model SWAN. Winds were obtained from the local network of coastal light stations and wind buoys. Stochastic modelling was conducted first, using only surface currents, to determine probabilistic maps of the oil trajectory on water and statistical results were extracted, such as the amount of shoreline oiled and the amount of oil evaporated, both for the ensemble of simulations constituting the stochastic simulation, as well as for any particular individual simulation. Deterministic scenarios were then selected and the fate of the oil, such as the dissolved and sunken fractions, was tracked over a 14 day period on the three-dimensional grid. This method has been used for environmental impact assessment and spill response planning.

Three-Dimensional Wave Basin Model Test for General-Purpose Wharf in Jinghai District of Jieyang Harbor

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2724-2731
Author(s):  
Shi Chang Yan ◽  
Shang Fei Lin ◽  
Guo Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Wave Condition ◽  
Navigation Channel ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Dimensional Wave

Three-dimensional model test in wave basin is launched to obtain the designed wave elements for the harbor, and the distribution of wave height in port and the overtopping on wharf surface in the project of all-purpose wharf in Jinghai district of Jieyang Harbor. The length scale of the physical model is 1:100. To compare the wave height and overtopping in different layout schemes under the same experimental condition, the optimal scheme is scheme 2 in which the wharf structure of 1 # berth is arranged in the east and the breakwater is extended about 580 meters. Meanwhile, the effect of navigation channel on wave transmission and wave condition in harbor is briefly discussed.

Heat flow in the presence of topography: Numerical analysis of data ensembles

Geophysics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1335-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Henry ◽  
Henry N. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Variable Surface Temperature

We present a method of estimating subsurface temperatures and true regional heat flow in the presence of perturbing topography, variable surface temperature, and subsurface thermal conductivity contrasts. The method involves solution of the steady‐state three‐dimensional heat conduction equation by finite‐difference numerical techniques. The topography is represented by an irregular upper boundary and the variable surface temperature as a boundary condition along the irregular upper surface. Internal structural configurations and conductivity contrasts are easily accommodated. The principal variable input into the system is the deep basal (unperturbed) heat flow. The best value of heat flow is obtained by minimizing, in a least‐squares sense, the differences between observed and calculated temperatures. Temperature observations commonly are distributed irregularly in the near‐surface (perturbed) environment, in multiple vertical or inclined boreholes, tunnels, and/or mine galleries. The method is particularly suited to simultaneous analysis of an ensemble of distributed observations, in contrast to methods that focus on the perturbation to the temperature gradient in the vicinity of a single borehole. We used the method to reduce data obtained at fifteen newly established heat flow sites in the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes. We illustrate with three examples—a two‐dimensional model from the Bolivar Mine, Bolivia; (2) a three‐dimensional model using variable conductivity from the Cerro Verde Mine, Peru; and (3) a three‐dimensional model at the Colquiri Mine, Bolivia where temperature measurements were few and the distance between the individual boreholes was fairly large.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF LASER SCANNING FOR MONITORING THE CONDITION OF THE NEAR-SURFACE ARRAY ON THE OPEN PIT «KARACOMIR»

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danila Gorokhov ◽  
Nikita Dorosh ◽  
Elena Abueva
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Near Surface

This article discusses the use of laser scanning to monitor the state of the near-side array in the open pit «Karakomir». Obtaining a three-dimensional model and identifying linear deformations on it, the angle of inclination of the ledges in the area of landslides.

Three-Dimensional Model for Virtual Surgical Simulation, during Complex Skull Base Surgery and Aneurysm Surgery

Skull Base ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Morita ◽  
Toshikazu Kimura ◽  
Shigeo Sora ◽  
Kengo Nishimura ◽  
Hisayuki Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model
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