scholarly journals REDUCTION PROCESS OF CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA AT RIVER MOUTH

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Takuzo Shimizu ◽  
Kosuke Kondo ◽  
Ryoichi Kajima
Keyword(s):  
River Mouth ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Tidal Prism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Crosssectional Area

Reduction processes of the cross-sectional area at a river mouth were investigated on the basis of numerical simulations and field measurements, in order to predict the possibility of closing of the mouth of the Samegawa River, Fukushima, Japan. As a result, it was found that the decrease in tidal prism, induced by a reduction of the cross-sectional area, had an important effect on the closing of the river mouth. By considering this effect and estimating the sediment transport rate properly, a practical prediction model was successfully established for simulating the reduction processes of the crosssectional area at the river mouth.

scholarly journals Nerve ultrasound in the assessment of cross-sectional area in healthy children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
M. A. Bedova ◽  
A. V. Klimkin ◽  
V. B. Voitenkov ◽  
N. V. Skripchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nerve Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Crosssectional Area

Introduction. Nerve ultrasound continues to progress due to improved technical equipment and knowledge, but so far not enough research has been done to determine the normative values of the cross-sectional area in children, and the obtained results differ between laboratories and researchers.Aim of the study. To determine the normative values of peripheral nerves» cross-sectional area in children 5–18 years old.Materials and methods. High resolution nerve ultrasound of brachial plexus, median, ulnar, radial, femoral, sciatic, tibial and peroneal nerves was performed in 30 children in real time. Nerve trunks were visualized throughout the limb from both sides. The cross-sectional area of the nerves was measured by a manual tracing method with the rounding of the hypoechogenic contours of the nerve trunk. Nerves’ crosssectional area was measured at distal and proximal sites. The obtained data were statistically processed using Excel and Statistica 10.Results. No bilateral cross-sectional area’s differences were found in children. Boys had significantly thicker nerves compared to girls, older age group (13–17 years old) compared to younger ones. There was a significant correlation between cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the level of the wrist, sciatic nerve and children’ height and weight.Conclusions. The normal values of cross-sectional area in children can be used in the practical work of a neurologists, neurophysiologists and ultrasound technicians.

scholarly journals Small Scales Dynamics Inferred from Tidal Measurements to Mitigate Daily Floodings in the City of Douala: A Case Study of the Besseke's Flood Drain

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Besack Felix ◽  
Onguene Raphael ◽  
Ebonji Seth Rodrigue ◽  
Oben Mbeng Lawrence ◽  
Kouandji Bekoumb Joseph Betsaleel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Neap Tide ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Tidal Prism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Scales

The recently constructed Besseke’s flood drain is always filled with water due to individual or combined effect of the tide, urbanization drainage, underground plumes and precipitations runoffs. This study focused on the analysis of small scales dynamics inferred from short term tidal measurements to mitigate the daily flooding in the Besseke’s flood drain. The methodology used is based on field measurements observation. The sampling of water level was conducted during two (02) different tidal regimes in May 2019. The volume of brackish water moving in and out of the Besseke’s flood drain was calculated using the formula of O’Brien. The results showed that Spring conditions had greater amplitudes than Neap tide conditions. During Spring tides, the tidal prism that passed in the midsection of the Besseke’s flood drain (S4) was 3.5 × 101 m3. This means that only a negligible amount of the incoming brackish water reaches the Besseke’s flood drain, amplifies and causes the daily flooding. The unexpected stronger amplitudes and dynamics observed in S4 could be due to its sub estuary nature. Furthermore, the percentage composition of water in this section, showed that the fraction of brackish water changes from 85.7% during Spring tide to 77.8% in the Neap tide conditions. The overall spatial evolution revealed that, the trend in tidal prism (during Spring conditions) was (S0) > (S2) > (S1) > (S3) > (S4) with corresponding values of 2.1 × 104, 1.3 ×104, 1.0 × 104, 2.5 × 102 and 3.5 × 101 m3 respectively. Finally, Tidal prism and Cross-sectional area showed a perfect correlation (r2 = 0.96). The best fitted Cross-sectional area-Tidal prism relationship was obtained in S3 (Market) during Spring tide condition.

Change in the Cross-Sectional Area and Topography at River Mouth

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinobu Ogawa ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujita ◽  
Nobuo Shuto
Keyword(s):  
River Mouth ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

DETERMINATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE ROD’S CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA USING VIBRATION EIGENFREQUENCIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
I.M. UTYASHEV ◽  
◽  
A.A. AITBAEVA ◽  
A.A. YULMUKHAMETOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Longitudinal Vibrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Method Error ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Elastic Fixation ◽  
Crosssectional Area

The paper presents solutions to the direct and inverse problems on longitudinal vibrations of a rod with a variable cross-sectional area. The law of variation of the cross-sectional area is modeled as an exponential function of a polynomial of degree n . The method for reconstructing this function is based on representing the fundamental system of solutions of the direct problem in the form of a Maclaurin series in the variables x and λ. Examples of solutions for various section functions and various boundary conditions are given. It is shown that to recover n unknown coefficients of a polynomial, n eigenvalues are required, and the solution is dual. An unambiguous solution was obtained only for the case of elastic fixation at one of the rod’s ends. The numerical estimation of the method error was made using input data noise. It is shown that the error in finding the variable crosssectional area is less than 1% with the error in the eigenvalues of longitudinal vibrations not exceeding 0.0001.

scholarly journals Atrophy patterns in isolated subscapularis lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Seppel ◽  
Andreas Voss ◽  
Daniel J. H. Henderson ◽  
Simone Waldt ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subscapularis Muscle ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background While supraspinatus atrophy can be described according to the system of Zanetti or Thomazeau there is still a lack of characterization of isolated subscapularis muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of muscle atrophy following repair of isolated subscapularis (SSC) tendon. Methods Forty-nine control shoulder MRI scans, without rotator cuff pathology, atrophy or fatty infiltration, were prospectively evaluated and subscapularis diameters as well as cross sectional areas (complete and upper half) were assessed in a standardized oblique sagittal plane. Calculation of the ratio between the upper half of the cross sectional area (CSA) and the total CSA was performed. Eleven MRI scans of patients with subscapularis atrophy following isolated subscapularis tendon tears were analysed and cross sectional area ratio (upper half /total) determined. To guarantee reliable measurement of the CSA and its ratio, bony landmarks were also defined. All parameters were statistically compared for inter-rater reliability, reproducibility and capacity to quantify subscapularis atrophy. Results The mean age in the control group was 49.7 years (± 15.0). The mean cross sectional area (CSA) was 2367.0 mm2 (± 741.4) for the complete subscapularis muscle and 1048.2 mm2 (± 313.3) for the upper half, giving a mean ratio of 0.446 (± 0.046). In the subscapularis repair group the mean age was 56.7 years (± 9.3). With a mean cross sectional area of 1554.7 mm2 (± 419.9) for the complete and of 422.9 mm2 (± 173.6) for the upper half of the subscapularis muscle, giving a mean CSA ratio of 0.269 (± 0.065) which was seen to be significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Analysis of typical atrophy patterns of the subscapularis muscle demonstrates that the CSA ratio represents a reliable and reproducible assessment tool in quantifying subscapularis atrophy. We propose the classification of subscapularis atrophy as Stage I (mild atrophy) in case of reduction of the cross sectional area ratio < 0.4, Stage II (moderate atrophy) in case of < 0.35 and Stage III (severe atrophy) if < 0.3.

The area of eye muscle of beef cattle carcasses

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
RM Seebeck
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
The Cross

Variations in the cross-sectional area of eye muscle of carcasses cut between the tenth and eleventh ribs were investigated, using 105 Hereford and 51 Angus steers aged 20 months. These cattle consisted of three groups, born in successive years. At constant carcass weight, statistically significant differences in eye muscle area were found between breeds and between years. Breed and year differences were also found in eye muscle area with width and depth of eye muscle constant, so that there are limitations to the estimation of eye muscle area from width and depth measurements. A nomograph is given for estimating eye muscle area from width and depth for Hereford and Angus cattle, when all animals are reared in the same year and environment. The use of eye muscle area as an indicator of weight of carcass muscle is discussed.

Comparison of the Cross Sectional Area, the Loss in Volume and the Mechanical Properties of LAE442 and MgCa0.8 as Resorbable Magnesium Alloy Implants after 12 Months Implantation Duration

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Thomann ◽  
Nina von der Höh ◽  
Dirk Bormann ◽  
Dina Rittershaus ◽  
C. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Cross

Current research focuses on magnesium based alloys in the course of searching a resorbable osteosynthetic material which provides sufficient mechanical properties besides a good biocompatibility. Previous studies reported on a favorable biocompatibility of the alloys LAE442 and MgCa0.8. The present study compared the degradation process of cylindrical LAE442 and MgCa0.8 implants after 12 months implantation duration. Therefore, 10 extruded implants (2.5 x 25 mm, cross sectional area 4.9 mm²) of both alloys were implanted into the medullary cavity of both tibiae of rabbits for 12 months. After euthanization, the right bone-implant-compound was scanned in a µ-computed tomograph (µCT80, ScancoMedical) and nine uniformly distributed cross-sections of each implant were used to determine the residual implants´ cross sectional area (Software AxioVisionRelease 4.5, Zeiss). Left implants were taken out of the bone carefully. After weighing, a three-point bending test was carried out. LAE442 implants degraded obviously slower and more homogeneously than MgCa0.8. The mean residual cross sectional area of LAE442 implants was 4.7 ± 0.07 mm². MgCa0.8 showed an area of only 2.18 ± 1.03 mm². In contrast, the loss in volume of LAE442 pins was more obvious. They lost 64 % of their initial weight. The volume of MgCa0.8 reduced clearly to 54.4 % which corresponds to the cross sectional area results. Three point bending tests revealed that LAE442 showed a loss in strength of 71.2 % while MgCa0.8 lost 85.6 % of its initial strength. All results indicated that LAE442 implants degraded slowly, probably due to the formation of a very obvious degradation layer. Degradation of MgCa0.8 implants was far advanced.

A method of in-vitro measurement of the cross-sectional area of soft tissues, using ultrasonography

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Noguchi ◽  
Toshiya Kitaura ◽  
Kazuya Ikoma ◽  
Yoshiaki Kusaka
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross
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