scholarly journals OFFSHORE ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE ISRAEL AND SINAI MEDITERRANEAN BEACHES

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Vaacov Nir
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Northerly Direction ◽  
Levantine Basin ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Port Said ◽  
North Beach ◽  
North Sinai ◽  
Quartz Grains

The Israel Mediterranean shore forms a gentle curve from an almost easterly direction in north Sinai to an almost northerly direction in Israel. This shore forms the southeastern corner of the Levantine Basin which itself forms the extreme eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. The length of the Israel shoreline from Rosh Haniqra near the Lebanese border to northern Sinai in the south is about 230 km, while the Sinai coast from Rafah to Port Said (Fig.1), is almost 200 km long. The coastline region consists largely of Quaternary carbonate cemented quartz sandstone, known by local name "kurkar". Recent faulting is responsible for the shape and, to a certain extent, for the morphology of large parts of the central coastline, which is characterized by kurkar cliffs (Neev et. al_. , 1973 it 1978).Wide sandy beaches are found in the southern parts, while an abraded rocky platforms occur mainly in the central and northern parts, where the beaches are narrow having kurkar cliffs at their backshor.e side. Four different morphological sections can be found in the Israel Mediterranean shore, (Nir, 1982). These differ in their beach and inland morphology on one hand, and in their sedimentological properties on the other. The four different sections from north to south are: 1) Rosh Haniqra to Akko. A sedimentological1y isolated region, bounded on both the south and north. Beach sediments are mostly of local calcareous material of marine origin. Akko promontory is the most northern limit of Nile derived sands and plays as the recent edge of the Nile sedimentary cell (Nir, 1980). 2) Haifa Bay. Wide sandy beaches, bounded on the north by the Akko promontory, and by the Carmel "nose" on the south. 3) Mount Carmel coastal plain, is sedimentologically somewhat isolated region with relatively narrow beaches and small kurkar cliffs. Sediments consist of both local and imported components. 4) The kurkar cliffs and sandy beaches from Caesarea to Rafah. Beaches of differing width having quite uniform petrographic components, mostly quartz grains originating from the Nile river and transported along the Sinai beaches to the Israeli beaches. Some of the present beach components are derivated from the abraded kurkar cliff.

Further studies on trade winds during the glacial cycles

1975 ◽  
Vol 346 (1645) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Cape Verde Islands ◽  
Trade Winds ◽  
The North ◽  
Quartz Grains

Core V19-301 (south of Cape Verde Islands) has been analysed in detail for (i) size distribution of quartz grains, (ii) mineralogy, (iii) colour and organic carbon (iv) G. menardii foraminifera, and (v) total foraminifera and carbonate. These results are compared with those previously obtained on core V23-100 (north of Cape Verde Islands). It is believed that the carbonate variations can be used to establish simultaneity between the cores, and thus the following climatic data emerge: ( a ) During glacial stages the trade winds were more vigorous than normal for the region north of the Cape Verdes; but the wintertime Harmattan was weaker than normal for the region south of the Cape Verdes. ( b ) The land to the north of Dakar remained desert, and was especially arid during glacials, whereas to the south of Dakar conditions oscillated between desert during interglacials, and savannah during glacials, ( c ) These wind and rainfall oscillations were more rapid and less excursive at around 0.7 Ma than they were in later glacial cycles.

THE EVOLUTION OF STRANDED OIL WITHIN SANDY BEACHES

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. N. Long ◽  
J. H. Vandermeulen ◽  
T. P. Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Tidal Cycle ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Beach Sediment ◽  
Oil Distribution ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
North Beach ◽  
Followup Studies

ABSTRACT The fate of buried stranded Amoco Cadiz oil within sandy beaches has been investigated during a 3-year follow-up study after the tanker breakup. Observations at eight sandy North Brittany beaches have shown that oil, in discrete layers 1 to 2 centimeters thick, persists in several beaches. Followup studies have shown that such buried oil layers can migrate downwards within the beach sediment, eventually to stabilize deep within the beach at or near the water table. Detailed data are presented on three beaches, including a dune-beach system and a transport-beach system, including observations on oil distribution and movement, residual contamination of sediments and underlying water table, and rates of oil movement. The vertical migration of buried oil layers within these beaches appears to be a function of water table movement during the tidal cycles, and of the porosity (grain size) of the beach sediments. Rate of downward migration calculated for two beaches (Centre Héliomarin north beach, Pen Ar Mez beach) range from 0.25 to 1.0 millimeter per tidal cycle, with a residual fluctuation of 0.1 millimeter per tidal cycle. In beaches containing an impermeable basement of loam, silt, or bedrock (transport-beaches), the downward movement of the oil layer is interrupted at the basement interface, with subsequent movement along the basement and emergence of the oil in the lower intertidal and subtidal sediments at the foot of the beach. These observations enable the prediction of the route and fate of stranded buried oil in sandy beach systems, and indicate the location of potential oil traps.

The Madra Çay Delta Archaeological Project, First Preliminary Report

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 167-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lambrianides ◽  
N. Spencer ◽  
S. Vardar ◽  
H. Gümüş
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
The South ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
Sand Spit ◽  
Archaeological Project

In 1995 a new series of multi-disciplinary investigations were initiated by the authors into diachronic human occupation of the coastal plain at Altınova, between Ayvalık and Dikili on the Aegean coast of northwest Turkey (Fig. 1). Altınova lies approximately halfway between the much better-known (and certainly more intensively investigated) archaeological regions of Troy to the north and Bayraklı/Izmir to the south (Fig. 1). Through the plain flows the Madra Çay, and during the Holocene the river's depositional activity has created a large delta clearly visible on most maps as a projection outward into the Lesbos Channel (also known as the Mytilene/Midilli Strait), with the port of Mytilene and the marina of Thermi lying directly opposite (20 km. away) on the island of Lesbos (Fig. 1, Pl. XXII(a)). Altınova's iskele, located in a sand-spit which forms a natural marina, has developed into a modern holiday resort with 5 km. or more of holiday villas along its sandy beaches.

High-Altitude Experimental Test of the Wind-Wave Interaction Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Babanin ◽  
Eduardo Palenque
Keyword(s):  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Empirical Coefficients ◽  
The Waves

<p>We present the idea to experimentaly test the empirical models used in fluid mechanics. The models consider that the waves develop due the wind energy trasferred from the air to the urface of the water. However, all of those models were validated considering data at sea level, with effectively fixed air density. Here we propose to test the adjustment of the empirical coefficients studying the waves generated in Lake Titikaka, which is located at an altitute high enough (3800 m) to have a reduced atmospheric pressure. Lake Titikaka is located in the North side of the Altiplano (high plateu) in South America. It is shared between Bolivia and Peru, and it is, by far, the largest water body in the region, and at such altitudes in general. So it becomes a dominant geographical and climatic unit in the South American Altiplano, which has a desert–like climate, with monsoon-type rainy season (November to February) and a long dry season (March to October). During the dry season (local winter) the daily temperature cycle goes from maxima around 15 °C (past noon) to freezing minima near -5 °C (before dawn). This temperature span is larger than the seasonal difference, around 5 °C, between summer and winter. Due to its large water mass, the Lake hampers the temperature variations and avoids the freezing of both the lake itself and its shores. The daily temperature fluctuations cause also a daily wind-intensity cycle, with maxima just before the sunset. Lake Titikaka has an alongated shape with a long axis of 120 km in the NW-SE direction, and its short axis of 50 km in the NE-SW direction; with a large peninsula on the South shore (Copacabana). This size, plus deep waters (in excess of 250 m, pelagic condition) allows development of extnsive waves produced by the surface winds, coming predominantly from the North. The shores of Lake Titikaka have several geographical features, among others: delta rivers, sandy beaches and rock cliffs. The (“main”) study site is located in the large portion of the lake, near a mid-point between Santiago de Huata and the Isla de la Luna (Moon Island) as far possible from the shores.</p>

Quartz Microfracturing in the North Crop of the South Wales Coalfield

1965 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Quartz Grains

AbstractA microscopic study of sandstones of Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous ages along a part of the North Crop of the South Wales Coalfield reveals that the rocks are extensively fractured. The fractures occur in the quartz grains and are often filled with bubble-like inclusions. These planes of inclusion were studied in specimens over a wide area, and are related to the directions of faulting and jointing. The consistency in trend between the macro and micro-structures suggests a homogeneity of the deforming stresses.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

Depositional Environment Drive as Overpressure Generation: Study Case in “Gap” Field, North West Java Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A., C. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Burial History ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes

Overpressure existence represents a geological hazard; therefore, an accurate pore pressure prediction is critical for well planning and drilling procedures, etc. Overpressure is a geological phenomenon usually generated by two mechanisms, loading (disequilibrium compaction) and unloading mechanisms (diagenesis and hydrocarbon generation) and they are all geological processes. This research was conducted based on analytical and descriptive methods integrated with well data including wireline log, laboratory test and well test data. This research was conducted based on quantitative estimate of pore pressures using the Eaton Method. The stages are determining shale intervals with GR logs, calculating vertical stress/overburden stress values, determining normal compaction trends, making cross plots of sonic logs against density logs, calculating geothermal gradients, analyzing hydrocarbon maturity, and calculating sedimentation rates with burial history. The research conducted an analysis method on the distribution of clay mineral composition to determine depositional environment and its relationship to overpressure. The wells include GAP-01, GAP-02, GAP-03, and GAP-04 which has an overpressure zone range at depth 8501-10988 ft. The pressure value within the 4 wells has a range between 4358-7451 Psi. Overpressure mechanism in the GAP field is caused by non-loading mechanism (clay mineral diagenesis and hydrocarbon maturation). Overpressure distribution is controlled by its stratigraphy. Therefore, it is possible overpressure is spread quite broadly, especially in the low morphology of the “GAP” Field. This relates to the delta depositional environment with thick shale. Based on clay minerals distribution, the northern part (GAP 02 & 03) has more clay mineral content compared to the south and this can be interpreted increasingly towards sea (low energy regime) and facies turned into pro-delta. Overpressure might be found shallower in the north than the south due to higher clay mineral content present to the north.

Observed seasonal regimes of North-South Atlantic Ocean interbasin exchange

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed D. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Volume Flux ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Interbasin Exchange ◽  
North And South

North and South Atlantic lateral volume exchange is a key component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) embedded in Earth’s climate. Northward AMOC heat transport within this exchange mitigates the large heat loss to the atmosphere in the northern North Atlantic. Because of inadequate climate data, observational basin-scale studies of net interbasin exchange between the North and South Atlantic have been limited. Here ten independent climate datasets, five satellite-derived and five analyses, are synthesized to show that North and South Atlantic climatological net lateral volume exchange is partitioned into two seasonal regimes. From late-May to late-November, net lateral volume flux is from the North to the South Atlantic; whereas from late-November to late-May, net lateral volume flux is from the South to the North Atlantic. This climatological characterization offers a framework for assessing seasonal variations in these basins and provides a constraint for climate models that simulate AMOC dynamics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document