scholarly journals WAVES FORCES ON OFFSHORE PIPELINES

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
N. Jothishankar ◽  
V. Sundar
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Dimensional Parameters ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Ocean Environment ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Wave Induced

Transportation of offshore oil and gas is mostly carried out by means of offshore pipelines. Depending on the ocean environment these pipelines are either buried or made to rest on the ocean bed or placed on excavated trenches. In cases where the sea bed is mostly of rock, pipelines can be laid on the bed and anchored to the ocean floor by suitable supports. In certain instances pipelines are also placed on saddles leaving a clearance between pipe and the sea floor. The design of these pipelines requires an accurate assessment of wave induced loads acting on them. The objective of this paper is to present the experimental results of wave forces exerted on a model pipeline, of diameter 5 cms at different clearances from the bed of the flume. Hydrodynamic coefficients namely Drag and Inertia are computed from the measured forces and their correlation with the non-dimensional parameters, Reynold's Number, Keulegan-Carpenter Number and relative clearance from the bed are presented.

scholarly journals ON NECESSITY TO CREATE UNDERWATER OIL AND GAS FLEET FOR DEVELOPING OIL AND GAS FIELDS IN LONG-FROZEN DEEP ARCTIC SEAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Chingiz Saibovich Guseinov ◽  
Dmitry Leonidovich Kulpin ◽  
Galie Hamzaevna Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Offshore Oil

The article dwells upon the problem of developing offshore oil and gas fields around the world accompanied by producing not only stationary and semi-submersible rigs and drilling vessels, but also a large number of auxiliary vessels for various functional purposes. It would be impossible to extract offshore hydrocarbons under the sea bed without them. Special fleet was formed during the years of development of offshore oil and gas fields in the Russian Federation, the part of it being imported. In the upcoming years, our country will face some challenges related to the development of Arctic reservoirs which are mainly located in the long-frozen deep seas. Their development in deep water will only be possible with auxiliary fleet, as it will be necessary to build deep water drilling vessels and other facilities/vessels. The types of vessels of the modern oil and gas fleet are presented, depending on the area of navigation, the depth of use and the specifics of the work performed. It is noted that currently in world practice there are no examples of using proven drilling and production technologies in severe ice conditions, when ice thickness exceeds 2-3 m, because the modern ice-resistant stationary platforms can not withstand the load at a depth of more than 80-100 m. The auxiliary fleet will both service offshore rigs and ensure their long-term productivity and functionality. For the development of oil and gas fields in the long-frozen Arctic deep-sea areas it is necessary to create a full-fledged underwater oil and gas fleet.

Out of sight out of mind – subsea pipeline decommissioning

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Jas ◽  
Allison Selman ◽  
Valerie Linton
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Existing legislation, regulation and documentation dealing with decommissioning of offshore oil and gas infrastructure has traditionally been derived from experience gained in the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The Australian operating environments are very different and, consequently, there is no Australian industry-wide engineering standard dedicated to the decommissioning of offshore pipelines. Decommissioning of Australian offshore pipelines is currently handled on a case-by-case basis. The efficiency and effectiveness of any given decommissioning project is variable, and highly dependent upon the experience of the pipeline operator. Given the maturity stage of the Australian offshore oil and gas industry, it is foreseen that in the coming years many operators will approach the task of decommissioning offshore pipelines for the first time. In 2014 the Energy Pipelines Cooperative Research Centre (EPCRC) formed an offshore users group, comprising pipeline experts from several offshore oil and gas operators and engineering consultancies that are members of the Australian Pipelines and Gas Association’s Research and Standards Committee (APGA RSC). This group is developing an engineering guideline for the decommissioning of offshore pipelines. It is being developed in close communication with the Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association (APPEA), which has formed a decommissioning committee in relation to offshore facilities. This ensures the guideline is being developed by and with input from a broad spectrum of the Australian offshore oil and gas industry, with the aim of capturing best practice in the Australian context.

scholarly journals Robots of the Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (07) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
John K. Borchardt
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicles ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Ship Hulls ◽  
Northern Illinois University ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Remotely operated vehicles (ROV) capable of operating at greater depths are under development by research institutions and commercial manufacturers. ROVs are essential to the development of offshore oil and gas reserves below ocean waters 3000 to 4000 meters deep. ROVs come in many shapes and sizes. Heavy-duty models can weigh several tons and have 250-horsepower motors. The largest are used to dig trenches for laying underwater pipelines. ROVs of 15 kilograms or less can examine the interior of pipelines and other small cavities or carry out tedious operations, such as checking ship hulls for terrorist devices. Larger ROVs are used at depths down to 1000 meters. DOER Marine in Alameda, California is working with Northern Illinois University to develop an ROV capable of being lowered through a borehole drilled though an ice sheet to enter the underlying ocean. ROV manufacturers are working toward super-reliability, so that vehicles can be put on the sea floor to operate for six to eight months at a time and be based at subsea facilities.

scholarly journals Kicking the OPEC Habit

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (05) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Michael Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Floating System ◽  
Heating Oil ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
And Storage

This article highlights that major offshore oil and gas projects may help North America reduce its dependence on the oil cartel. When members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut their production by 4 million barrels per day from March 1999 to March 2000, they tripled oil prices, from $11 to $33 per barrel. The combination of higher gasoline, diesel, and heating oil prices led President Clinton and Congress to pressure the OPEC countries to increase their production. Spar technology has been used for 25 years for loading buoys and storage vessels. The spar is a floating system, basically a cylinder on end that maintains its position with mooring lines sunk into the seabed. Many offshore oilfields are beyond the reach of underwater pipelines. This is an opportunity seized by SOFEC Inc. in Houston. Since 1972, the company, a subsidiary of the FMC Corp., has designed equipment to support floating production storage and offloading systems. These systems consist of a floating platform, basically a moored ship-shaped vessel, equipped to accept oil and gas from a drilling system on the sea bed.

Development of a Decommissioning Cost Model for Australian Offshore Platforms

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee O’Neill ◽  
Geoff Cole ◽  
Beverley Ronalds
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Remote Region ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Ocean Environment ◽  
Offshore Oil

Experience has shown that regional factors can contribute to significant variability in decommissioning costs for offshore platforms. Nevertheless, previous studies aimed at estimating decommissioning costs have been valuable inputs for operators, regulators and decommissioning contractors as they develop abandonment and decommissioning strategies and public policy. Estimated costs associated with decommissioning offshore oil and gas platforms in Australia have not been reported widely in the open literature. This paper summarises the physical and regulatory environment in Australia, and develops a cost model which reflects the decommissioning challenges for fixed platforms in this remote region. This cost model could be readily applied to other remote petroleum provinces provided that mobilization times and the nature of the local ocean environment are known. The total cost of decommissioning all 39 current fixed platforms in Australian waters is estimated to be between US$845 and US$1044 million.

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