scholarly journals FIELD STUDIES OF SUBMERGED-DIFFUSER THERMAL PLUMES WITH COMPARISONS TO PREDICTIVE MODEL RESULTS

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
A.A. Frigo ◽  
R.A. Paddock ◽  
J.D. Ditmars
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Field Region ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Thermal Plumes ◽  
Model Predictions

Thermal plumes from submerged discharges of cooling water from two power plants on Lake Michigan were studied. The system for the acquisition of water temperatures and ambient conditions permitted the three dimensional structure of the plumes to be determined. The Zion Nuclear Power Station has two submerged discharges structures separated by only 94 m. Under conditions of flow from both structures, interaction between the two plumes resulted in larger thermal fields than would be predicted by the superposition of single non-interacting plumes. Maximum temperatures in the near-field region of the plume compared favorably with mathematical model predictions. A comparison of physical-model predictions for the plume at the D. C. Cook Nuclear Plant with prototype measurements indicated good agreement in the near-field region, but differences in the far-field occurred as similitude was not preserved there.

scholarly journals Ion chromatographic analysis of aqueous iodine species by conductivity and radioactivity measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Schumann ◽  
R. Grasser ◽  
R. Dressler ◽  
H. Bruchertseifer
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Molecular Iodine ◽  
New Device ◽  
Iodine Species ◽  
Radioactivity Measurements

SummaryA new device was developed for the identification of several iodine species in aqueous solution using ion chromatography. Iodide, iodate and molecular iodine can be determined. (The equipment allows both conductivity and radioactivity detections.) The method is applicable for the determination of radioactive iodine contaminations in the cooling water of nuclear power plants.

Treatment of Wastewater to Meet the Requirements for Cooling Water Systems in Jordan’s Nuclear Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman Eid Al-Rawajfeh ◽  
Kamal Araj
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Promising Alternative

Scaling and corrosion associated with the use of natural hard water in cooling towers during recirculation pose great problems from both economical and technical points of view, such as decreased system efficiency and increased frequency of chemical cleaning. Treated municipal wastewater (MWW) is a promising alternative to freshwater as power plant cooling system makeup water, especially in arid regions. In this work, hybrid systems of salt precipitation (SP), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) were investigated, as potential pretreatment processes for wastewater reuse as cooling water in the planned Jordan nuclear power plants. The As-Samra wastewater was used to calculate the potential of carbonate and sulfate scale formation. The results were compared to scale potentials from Palo Verde wastewater. Four cases were investigated; SP, NF, SP-RO and NF-RO. The SP pretreatment cases showed the highest monovalent to divalent ratio because of a high removal of Ca and Mg and addition of Na from the chemicals of the SP step. The NF pretreatment cases, showed the lowest calcium sulfate scale potential and this potential decreases with the % pretreatment. The scale amount increases very slightly with concentration times when the SP and NF product is desalinated by RO step.

Near Field Simulation of Low Level Waste Water Released from Nuclear Power Plants in Rivers through Surface by CORMIX

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yong Ye Liu ◽  
Ya Hua Qiao ◽  
Fu Dong Liu ◽  
Chun Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Better Than

CORMIX obtaining the approval from USEPA is widely used in the environmental evaluation of US inland nuclear power plants. Carry out 3-d simulation for the low level radioactive liquid effluent released from an inland nuclear power plant in rivers through surface by CORMIX. Compare the diluent effect of different discharge capacity (2 and 4 units) and different season (summer and winter). Dilution ratios of these four simulation conditions are all reach 10 at 500m downstream. The 0.1C0 isoconcentration line range of four units is much larger than two units. It is found from the concentration distribution of cross-section at 1km downstream that the diffusing vertically of effluent in summer is better than it in winter. The accuracy of the software will be confirmed by actual measurement.

scholarly journals THE WAVE PRESSING PLATE FOR PROTECTING COOLING WATERWAYS OF COASTAL POWER PLANTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Chow ◽  
Frederick L.W. Tang ◽  
H.H. Hwung
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wave Motion ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Horizontal Plate ◽  
Hydraulics Laboratory ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

A horizontal plate laid on water surface to reduce the wave motion is proved to be effective theoretically and verified by model tests done at Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory. This principle has been put into practice on the northern coast of Taiwan for protecting a nuclear power plant cooling water intake against intruding waves. The design and construction of wave prevention works of such type are described succinctly in the paper. Also the effect of wave diminishing has been affirmed by measuring the respective waves heights outside and inside of the wave pressing plate.

scholarly journals MIXING OF THERMAL DISCHARGES IN COASTAL WATERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
N.M. Ismail ◽  
R.L. Wiegel ◽  
P.J. Ryan ◽  
S.W. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Vertical Temperature Profile ◽  
Extensive Field

Mixing of thermal effluents, being discharged from thermal power plants on coastlines and which head into surface waves was investigated by analyzing extensive field and laboratory data on plume and ocean ambient conditions. Emphasis was given on the effect of waves and surf zone currents on the modifications of plume surface area and vertical temperature profile in the near-field area. The results of this investigation showed that large opposing waves increase the plume surface area, in the vicinity of the outfall, for all cases of tide level and wave direction. Moreover, waves focused cold bottom currents on the discharge outlet and consequently the temperature of the released warm water was decreased at the surface and near the bottom. Wave-induced cross flows decreased the plume cumulative surface area which corresponded to fractional excess temperature ranging between 0.8 and 0.5 normalized values. This decrease was shown to be contingent that there is no interaction between the far-field and near-field plume waters. Gradient of wave momentum flux across surf zone was found to be necessary parameter to characterize the incident wave field.

scholarly journals THERMAL DISCHARGES: PROTOTYPE vs. HYDRAULIC MODEL

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Gary C. Parker ◽  
C.S. Fang ◽  
Albert Y. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Thermal Discharge ◽  
James River ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Physical Effects

Data on physical parameters in the James River around the condenser cooling water discharge of the Surry Nuclear Power Plant, taken prior to and during plant operation, were analyzed to determine the physical effects of the thermal discharge on the area and to compare the prototype distribution of excess temperature to predictions based on hydraulic model experiments. The results of this investigation indicated that the increase in water temperatures due to the thermal discharge did not represent a significant alteration of the physical environment outside the mixing zone. The thermal discharge experienced turbulent mixing and entrainment near the outfall and temperatures decreased rapidly in this region. Field data on temperature distributions around the discharge, when compared to predictions based on hydraulic model experiments, indicate that the model predictions were conservative.

scholarly journals The Problem of Biological Obstacles in the Operation of Nuclear Power Plants (Illustrated by the Operation of Zaporizhzhya NPP Techno-Ecosystem)

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
O. Fedonenko ◽  
O. Marenkov ◽  
O. Petrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Cooling Pond ◽  
Biological Barriers ◽  
Mass Development

The article shows the research results on biological obstacles of the Zaporizhzhya NPP cooling pond, which may be harmful for the technological cycles of the plant or even cause emergency in the NPP. This problem is particular importance for cooling water reservoir of energy objects, since the increased temperature regime in such reservoirs creates favorable conditions for the mass development of certain types of hydrobionts, which hinder the operation of hydraulic structures. It was established that for the studied cooling water reservoir of Zaporizhzhya NPP all types of biological barriers that are found in technical reservoirs of nuclear power plants of Ukraine are characteristic. It has been established that all types of biological obstacles found in technical reservoirs of nuclear power plants of Ukraine are common for the researched reservoir. The most common are biological obstacles of bacterial, plant and animal origin. Plant biological obstacles are represented by the excessive growth of blue-green algae, which in the summer cause the "water blooming" of the cooling pond, and the filamentous algae that form thickets on the surfaces of concrete slabs and hydraulic structures. Animal biomarkers include the rapid spread of the mollusks of the Thiaridae family, which were accidentally inhabited into the water reservoir and caused massive fouling of the water development facilities of the NPP. One of the areas of biological control of biological barriers in a Zaporizhzhya NPP cooling water reservoir is ichthyomelioration – biomeliorative release the fish into the reservoir As fish occupy higher trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems, they accumulate organic matter from other trophic units and can inhibit the massive development of hydrobionts. The presented scientific results formed the basis of "Technological substantiation of the biological method of reducing the amount of phytoplankton and mollusks in the hydraulic engineering system of the ZNPP and conducting biomeliorative works using biomeliorative fish for the period2018-2022", the observance of which allows partial resolution of the problems of biological barriers caused by the mass development of certain species.

Analysis on Critical Factors of Marine Organism Impacts on Water Intake Safety at Nuclear Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocheng Fu ◽  
Fenglei Du ◽  
Xiang Pu ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Fengze Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions

Abstract The safety of cooling water intake in nuclear power plants (NPPs) has gradually become an important factor affecting the safety of NPPs. Marine flora and fauna outbreaks are one of the main types affecting the safety of cooling water intake in NPPs, and the driving mechanism is more complicated and difficult to predict. This paper mainly analyzes the main types and typical cases of marine organisms that cause cooling water intake blockage in NPPs, and analyzes the key factors such as hydrodynamic conditions, timing of organism's outbreak, characteristics of species, and design of the screen systems. The results show that strong hydrodynamic conditions or strong tides caused by special meteorological conditions are important factors. Considering the time of organism's outbreak, spring and summer (May–August, may change slightly according to different latitude) is key period because of the reproduction and growth of most marine organisms, according to the growth law of marine organisms. In terms of biological characteristics, it is sensible to focus on those species with fast growth, strong reproductive capacity, short life cycle, weak swimming ability, and cluster distribution. As to the design of screen systems, the blockage mainly occurs in revolving filter screens. The grid spacing of normal mechanical grille is too large to block the small marine organisms. It is necessary to add trash interception nets according to the type and size of the marine species. Finally, a case is used to confirm the factors needed to pay more attention.

Operational Impacts and Consequences of Piping Component Failure: A Review of Operating Experience Data As Recorded in CODAP

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braedon Carr ◽  
Bengt Lydell ◽  
Jovica R. Riznic
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Component Failure ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Operational Impacts

Water chemistry plays an important part in maintaining corrosion resistance in water transport systems throughout nuclear power plants (NPP’s). Small changes in liquid chemistry such as pH, borate concentration, or build-up of crud in reactor cooling water can result in rapid degradation or damage to components and lead to unexpected failures. The Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS) and Reactor Water Cleanup System (RWCU) are responsible for maintaining these parameters at appropriate levels, and so failure of either of these systems can result in unnecessary stresses on many other reactor systems due to resulting transients. While the major components of these systems all have sufficient redundancy to prevent major accidents, failure of components in these systems can result in failure of other redundant components and affect plant safety [1]. The CVCS and RWCU systems have experienced aging related degradations and failures in the past, and although they have not affected the system’s emergency functions, they have resulted in unnecessary actuation of related systems, and reactor shutdowns [1]. Reactor shutdowns can result in large changes in reactor coolant chemistry such as oxygen and borate concentration transients, and the build-up of corrosion products which can’t be as easily removed during periods of reactor shutdown [2]. In the following analysis of Component Operational Experience Degradation and Ageing Program (CODAP) experience data; causes, impacts, and preventative actions as recorded in CODAP are examined for degradation events which took place in the CVCS and RWCU, of PWRs and BWRs, respectively. The analysis will demonstrate the usefulness of CODAP in examining reactor component failure trends, as well as discuss insights on improvement for the program.

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