scholarly journals REMOTE SENSING IN THE STUDY OF COASTAL PROCESSES

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Orville T. Magoon ◽  
Douglas M. Pirie
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
Airborne Radar ◽  
Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Automatic Data

The quantifiable determination of important coastal parameters remotely rather than by in situ measurements combined with automatic data reduction and analysis will result in a greatly increased understanding of the parameters being studied. This paper gives a progress report on joint Corps of Engineers-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) efforts to apply remote sensing in coastal studies. The devices used were multiband photography, the infrared scanner, the Side Looking Airborne Radar and various image enhancement and processing devices.

Identification and Determination of Material Properties for Porohyperelastic Analysis of Large Arteries

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Simon ◽  
M. V. Kaufmann ◽  
M. A. McAfee ◽  
A. L. Baldwin ◽  
L. M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Radial Component ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability

A “porohyperelastic” (PHE) material model is described and the theoretical frame-work presented that allows identification of the necessary material properties functions for soft arterial tissues. A generalized Fung form is proposed for the PHE constitutive law in which the two fundamental Lagrangian material properties are the effective strain energy density function, We, and the hydraulic permeability, k˜ij. The PHE model is based on isotropic forms using We=Ue(φ)=1/2C0(eφ−1) and the radial component of permeability, k˜RR=k˜RR(φ), with φ=C′1(I¯1−3)+C′2(I¯2−3)+K′(J−1)2. The methods for determination of these material properties are illustrated using experimental data from in situ rabbit aortas. Three experiments are described to determine parameters in Ue and k˜RR for the intima and media of the aortas, i.e., (1) undrained tests to determine C0, C′1, and C′2 (2) drained tests to determine K′; and (3) steady-state pressurization tests of intact and de-endothelialized vessels to determine intimal and medial permeability (adventitia removed in these models). Data-reduction procedures are presented that allow determination of k˜RR for the intima and media and Ue for the media using experimental data. The effectiveness and accuracy of these procedures are studied using input “data” from finite element models generated with the ABAQUS program. The isotropic theory and data-reduction methods give good approximations for the PHE properties of in situ aortas. These methods can be extended to include arterial tissue remodeling and anisotropic behavior when appropriate experimental data are available.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Methods in the Identification of Oil Contaminations / Možnosti Využití Vybraných Metod Dpz Pro Identifikaci Ropných Kontaminací (Starých Ekologických Zátěží)

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Smejkalová ◽  
Petr Bujok
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Ecological Hazards ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Abstract The article deals with the possibilities of using remote sensing methods for analysis, observation and identification of old ecological hazards caused by petroleum contaminations from insufficiently plugged and abandoned oil wells in the area of Hodonín. It is focused on the description and determination of areas of interests, remote sensing approaches to the problems of petroleum substance detection and establishing the methodology of an acquired data analysis. Moreover, proper methods, algorithms and satellite digital data parameters for this aim are discussed. The article also describes in-situ measurements, technical instruments and further research advancements. Finally, the proposals of the results evaluation, interpretation and complex comparisons with the results of past and future researches in the area of Nesyt - Hodonín are specified.

scholarly journals Comparison of Airborne In Situ, Airborne Radar–Lidar, and Spaceborne Radar–Lidar Retrievals of Polar Ice Cloud Properties Sampled during the POLARCAT Campaign

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Delanoë ◽  
Alain Protat ◽  
Olivier Jourdan ◽  
Jacques Pelon ◽  
Mathieu Papazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Airborne Radar ◽  
Ice Cloud ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Ice Water Content ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Spaceborne Radar

Abstract This study illustrates the high potential of RALI, the French airborne radar–lidar instrument, for studying cloud processes and evaluating satellite products when satellite overpasses are available. For an Arctic nimbostratus ice cloud collected on 1 April 2008 during the Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport (POLARCAT) campaign, the capability of this synergistic instrument to retrieve cloud properties and to characterize the cloud phase at scales smaller than a kilometer, which is crucial for cloud process analysis, is demonstrated. A variational approach, which combines radar and lidar, is used to retrieve the ice-water content (IWC), extinction, and effective radius. The combination of radar and lidar is shown to provide better retrievals than do stand-alone methods and, in general, the radar overestimates and the lidar underestimates IWC. As the sampled ice cloud was simultaneously observed by CloudSat and Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellites, a new way to assess satellite cloud products by combining in situ and active remote sensing measurements is identified. It was then possible to compare RALI to three satellite ice cloud products: CloudSat, CALIPSO, and the Cloud-Aerosol-Water-Radiation Interactions (ICARE) center’s radar–lidar project (DARDAR).

scholarly journals Geometrical Considerations and Interfacial Processes Affecting Electromagnetic Measurement of Soil Water Content by TDR and Remote Sensing Methods

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shmuel Friedman ◽  
Jon Wraith ◽  
Dani Or
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Effective Permittivity ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Content Determination

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and other in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods for determining the soil water content had become standard in both research and practice in the last two decades. Limitations of existing dielectric methods in some soils, and introduction of new agricultural measurement devices or approaches based on soil dielectric properties mandate improved understanding of the relationship between the measured effective permittivity (dielectric constant) and the soil water content. Mounting evidence indicates that consideration must be given not only to the volume fractions of soil constituents, as most mixing models assume, but also to soil attributes and ambient temperature in order to reduce errors in interpreting measured effective permittivities. The major objective of the present research project was to investigate the effects of the soil geometrical attributes and interfacial processes (bound water) on the effective permittivity of the soil, and to develop a theoretical frame for improved, soil-specific effective permittivity- water content calibration curves, which are based on easily attainable soil properties. After initializing the experimental investigation of the effective permittivity - water content relationship, we realized that the first step for water content determination by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method, namely, the TDR measurement of the soil effective permittivity still requires standardization and improvement, and we also made more efforts than originally planned towards this objective. The findings of the BARD project, related to these two consequential steps involved in TDR measurement of the soil water content, are expected to improve the accuracy of soil water content determination by existing in-situ and remote sensing dielectric methods and to help evaluate new water content sensors based on soil electrical properties. A more precise water content determination is expected to result in reduced irrigation levels, a matter which is beneficial first to American and Israeli farmers, and also to hydrologists and environmentalists dealing with production and assessment of contamination hazards of this progressively more precious natural resource. The improved understanding of the way the soil geometrical attributes affect its effective permittivity is expected to contribute to our understanding and predicting capability of other, related soil transport properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficients of solutes and gas molecules. In addition, to the originally planned research activities we also investigated other related problems and made many contributions of short and longer terms benefits. These efforts include: Developing a method and a special TDR probe for using TDR systems to determine also the soil's matric potential; Developing a methodology for utilizing the thermodielectric effect, namely, the variation of the soil's effective permittivity with temperature, to evaluate its specific surface area; Developing a simple method for characterizing particle shape by measuring the repose angle of a granular material avalanching in water; Measurements and characterization of the pore scale, saturation degree - dependent anisotropy factor for electrical and hydraulic conductivities; Studying the dielectric properties of cereal grains towards improved determination of their water content. A reliable evaluation of the soil textural attributes (e.g. the specific surface area mentioned above) and its water content is essential for intensive irrigation and fertilization processes and within extensive precision agriculture management. The findings of the present research project are expected to improve the determination of cereal grain water content by on-line dielectric methods. A precise evaluation of grain water content is essential for pricing and evaluation of drying-before-storage requirements, issues involving energy savings and commercial aspects of major economic importance to the American agriculture. The results and methodologies developed within the above mentioned side studies are expected to be beneficial to also other industrial and environmental practices requiring the water content determination and characterization of granular materials.  

INDIREKTE PAPIERCHROMATOGRAPHISCHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG DER HARNOESTROGENE

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kecskés ◽  
F. Mutschler ◽  
I. Glós ◽  
E. Thán ◽  
I. Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
List Type ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Phenol Fraction ◽  
Qualitative Determination

ABSTRACT 1. An indirect paperchromatographic method is described for separating urinary oestrogens; this consists of the following steps: acidic hydrolysis, extraction with ether, dissociation of phenol-fractions with partition between the solvents. Previous purification of phenol fraction with the aid of paperchromatography. The elution of oestrogen containing fractions is followed by acetylation. Oestrogen acetate is isolated by re-chromatography. The chromatogram was developed after hydrolysis of the oestrogens 'in situ' on the paper. The quantity of oestrogens was determined indirectly, by means of an iron-reaction, after the elution of the iron content of the oestrogen spot, which was developed by the Jellinek-reaction. 2. The method described above is satisfactory for determining urinary oestrogen, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol, but could include 16-epioestriol and other oestrogenic metabolites. 3. The sensitivity of the method is 1.3–1.6 μg/24 hours. 4. The quantitative and qualitative determination of urinary oestrogens with the above mentioned method was performed in 50 pregnant and 9 non pregnant women, and also in 2 patients with granulosa cell tumour.

Single Crystal Growth of High-Pressure Phases of Ice and Salt Hydrate Far Below the Original Melting Point by Mixing Alcohol: Crystal Structure Determination of Magnesium Chloride Heptahydrate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishiro Yamashita ◽  
Kazuki Komatsu ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Growth Technique ◽  
Salt Hydrate ◽  
X Ray

An crystal-growth technique for single crystal x-ray structure analysis of high-pressure forms of hydrogen-bonded crystals is proposed. We used alcohol mixture (methanol: ethanol = 4:1 in volumetric ratio), which is a widely used pressure transmitting medium, inhibiting the nucleation and growth of unwanted crystals. In this paper, two kinds of single crystals which have not been obtained using a conventional experimental technique were obtained using this technique: ice VI at 1.99 GPa and MgCl<sub>2</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O at 2.50 GPa at room temperature. Here we first report the crystal structure of MgCl2·7H2O. This technique simultaneously meets the requirement of hydrostaticity for high-pressure experiments and has feasibility for further in-situ measurements.

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