scholarly journals STUDY ON SCOURING AT THE FOOT OF COASTAL STRUCTURES

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Sato ◽  
Norio Tanaka ◽  
Isao Irie
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Basic Characteristics

This paper presents the results of two-dimensional model experiments conducted in order to clarify the basic characteristics and to find out some preventive measures against scouring around coastal structures. The applicability of these results to the field are discussed on the basis of some results of field investigations. The results of two-dimensional experiments presented herein show that the characteristics of waves just in front of structures and their reflection by structures are most important factors of scouring. The results of field investigations, however, indicate that in addition to those two factors, the currents caused due to waves around structures play important roles m scouring.

scholarly journals SEISMIC MODEL STUDY OF REFRACTIONS FROM A LAYER OF FINITE THICKNESS

Geophysics ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Press ◽  
Jack Oliver ◽  
Maurice Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Finite Thickness ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Seismic Model ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Two Dimensional Model

Two dimensional model experiments on refractions from layers of finite thickness are described. Refractions can be unreliable for velocity and depth determinations when they occur with wavelengths which are large compared to the layer thickness. Discrepancies reported between refraction velocities and borehole velocities can be partially accounted for in this manner. Even simple two‐ and three‐layer models can show such effects as misleading second arrivals, echeloning of travel time curves, masked layers, and selective absorption in the overburden.

Commitment to pro- versus counter-attitudinal behavior and the dynamics of social representations

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tafani ◽  
Lionel Souchet
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Students Attitudes

This research uses the counter-attitudinal essay paradigm ( Janis & King, 1954 ) to test the effects of social actions on social representations. Thus, students wrote either a pro- or a counter-attitudinal essay on Higher Education. Three forms of counter-attitudinal essays were manipulated countering respectively a) students’ attitudes towards higher education; b) peripheral beliefs or c) central beliefs associated with this representation object. After writing the essay, students expressed their attitudes towards higher education and evaluated different beliefs associated with it. The structural status of these beliefs was also assessed by a “calling into question” test ( Flament, 1994a ). Results show that behavior challenging either an attitude or peripheral beliefs induces a rationalization process, giving rise to minor modifications of the representational field. These modifications are only on the social evaluative dimension of the social representation. On the other hand, when the behavior challenges central beliefs, the same rationalization process induces a cognitive restructuring of the representational field, i.e., a structural change in the representation. These results and their implications for the experimental study of representational dynamics are discussed with regard to the two-dimensional model of social representations ( Moliner, 1994 ) and rationalization theory ( Beauvois & Joule, 1996 ).

Pulse Antennas: Accurate Solution of Two-Dimensional Model Problems for Structures with Gratings as Dispersive Elements

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
A. I. Vyazmitinova ◽  
V. L. Pazynin ◽  
Andrei Olegovich Perov ◽  
Yurii Konstantinovich Sirenko ◽  
H. Akdogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model
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