scholarly journals Distribution of intramuscular lipids in lower leg muscle of sedentary young female

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (26) ◽  
pp. 190-192
Author(s):  
Chisato Nakada ◽  
Takuya Osawa ◽  
Yoshikazu Takanami ◽  
Yukari Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Intramuscular Lipids

scholarly journals Lower leg muscle structure and function are altered in long-distance runners with medial tibial stress syndrome: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Mattock ◽  
Julie R. Steele ◽  
Karen J. Mickle
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Plantar Flexor ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common lower leg injury experienced by runners. Although numerous risk factors are reported in the literature, many are non-modifiable and management of the injury remains difficult. Lower leg muscle structure and function are modifiable characteristics that influence tibial loading during foot-ground contact. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether long-distance runners with MTSS displayed differences in in vivo lower leg muscle structure and function than matched asymptomatic runners. Methods Lower leg structure was assessed using ultrasound and a measure of lower leg circumference to quantify muscle cross-sectional area, thickness and lean lower leg girth. Lower leg function was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer to quantify maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength and a single leg heel raise protocol was used to measure ankle plantar flexor endurance. Outcome variables were compared between the limbs of long-distance runners suffering MTSS (n = 20) and matched asymptomatic controls (n = 20). Means, standard deviations, 95 % confidence intervals, mean differences and Cohen’s d values were calculated for each variable for the MTSS symptomatic and control limbs. Results MTSS symptomatic limbs displayed a significantly smaller flexor hallucis longus cross-sectional area, a smaller soleus thickness but a larger lateral gastrocnemius thickness than the control limbs. However, there was no statistical difference in lean lower leg girth. Compared to the matched control limbs, MTSS symptomatic limbs displayed deficits in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles, and reduced ankle plantar flexor endurance capacity. Conclusions Differences in lower leg muscle structure and function likely render MTSS symptomatic individuals less able to withstand the negative tibial bending moment generated during midstance, potentially contributing to the development of MTSS. The clinical implications of these findings suggest that rehabilitation protocols for MTSS symptomatic individuals should aim to improve strength of the flexor hallucis longus, soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles along with ankle plantar flexor endurance. However, the cross-sectional study design prevents us determining whether between group differences were a cause or effect of MTSS. Therefore, future prospective studies are required to substantiate the study findings.

Spatio-Temporal Separation of Roll and Pitch Balance-Correcting Commands in Humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 3143-3158 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Grüneberg ◽  
J. Duysens ◽  
F. Honegger ◽  
J.H.J. Allum
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Roll Motion ◽  
Stretch Reflexes ◽  
Ankle Muscles ◽  
Roll Velocity ◽  
Main Action ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Balance Corrections

This study was designed to provide evidence for the hypothesis that human balance corrections in response to pitch perturbations are controlled by muscle action mainly about the ankle and knee joints, whereas balance corrections for roll perturbations are controlled predominantly by motion about the hip and lumbro-sacral joints. A dual-axis rotating support surface delivered unexpected random perturbations to the stance of 19 healthy young adults through eight different directions in the pitch and the roll planes and three delays between pitch and roll directions. Roll delays with respect to pitch were no delay, a short 50-ms delay of roll with respect to pitch movements, (chosen to correspond to the onset time of leg muscle stretch reflexes), and a long 150-ms delay between roll and pitch movements (chosen to shift the time when trunk roll velocity peaks to the time when trunk peak pitch velocity normally occurs). Delays of stimulus roll with respect to pitch resulted in delayed roll responses of the legs, trunk, arms, and head consistent with stimulus delay without any changes in roll velocity amplitude. Delayed roll perturbations induced only small changes in the pitch motion of the legs and trunk; however, major changes were seen in the time when roll motion of the trunk was arrested. Amplitudes and directional sensitivity of short-latency (SL) stretch reflexes in ankle muscles were not altered with increasing roll delay. Small changes to balance correcting responses in ankle muscles were observed. SL stretch reflexes in hip and trunk muscles were delayed, and balance-correcting responses in trunk muscles became split into two distinct responses with delayed roll. The first of these responses was small and had a directional responsiveness aligned more along the pitch plane. The main, larger, response occurred with an onset and time-to-peak consistent with the delay in trunk roll displacement and its directional responsiveness was roll oriented. The sum of the amplitudes of these two types of balance-correcting responses remained constant with roll delay. These results support the hypothesis that corrections of the body's pitch and roll motion are programmed separately by neural command signals and provide insights into possible triggering mechanisms. The evidence that lower leg muscle balance-correcting activity is hardly changed by delayed trunk roll also indicates that lower leg muscle activity is not predominant in correcting roll motion of the body. Lower leg and trunk muscle activity appears to have a dual action in balance corrections. In trunk muscles the main action is to correct for roll perturbations and the lesser action may be an anticipatory stabilizing reaction for pitch perturbations. Likewise, the small changes in lower leg muscle activity may result from a generalized stabilizing reaction to roll perturbations, but the main action is to correct for pitch perturbations.

scholarly journals Scaling of maximal oxygen uptake by lower leg muscle volume in boys and men

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1851-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Tolfrey ◽  
Alan Barker ◽  
Jeanette M. Thom ◽  
Christopher I. Morse ◽  
Marco V. Narici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Leg Muscle

The aim of this study was to critically examine the influence of body size on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max) in boys and men using body mass (BM), estimated fat-free mass (FFM), and estimated lower leg muscle volume (Vol) as the separate scaling variables. V̇o2 max and an in vivo measurement of Vol were assessed in 15 boys and 14 men. The FFM was estimated after percentage body fat had been predicted from population-specific skinfold measurements. By using nonlinear allometric modeling, common body size exponents for BM, FFM, and Vol were calculated. The point estimates for the size exponent (95% confidence interval) from the separate allometric models were: BM 0.79 (0.53–1.06), FFM 1.00 (0.78–1.22), and Vol 0.64 (0.40–0.88). For the boys, substantial residual size correlations were observed for V̇o2 max/BM0.79 and V̇o2 max/FFM1.00, indicating that these variables did not correctly partition out the influence of body size. In contrast, scaling by Vol0.64 led to no residual size correlation in boys or men. Scaling by BM is confounded by heterogeneity of body composition and potentially substantial differences in the mass exponent between boys and men. The FFM is precluded as an index of involved musculature because Vol did not represent a constant proportion of FFM [Vol∝FFM1.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.77)] in the boys (unlike the men). We conclude that Vol, as an indicator of the involved muscle mass, is the most valid allometric denominator for the scaling of V̇o2 max in a sample of boys and men heterogeneous for body size and composition.

Surgical Treatment for Chronic Lower-Leg Compartment Syndrome in Young Female Athletes

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle J. Micheli ◽  
Ruth Solomon ◽  
John Solomon ◽  
Véronique F. P. Plasschaert ◽  
Robert Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Young Female

Assessment of lower leg muscle force distribution during isometric ankle dorsi and plantar flexion in patients with diabetes: a preliminary study

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalina Błażkiewicz ◽  
Lakshmi Sundar ◽  
Aoife Healy ◽  
Ambady Ramachandran ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Leg Muscle

Intraarticular pressure distribution in the talocrural joint is related to lower leg muscle forces

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Potthast ◽  
Christian Lersch ◽  
Bernhard Segesser ◽  
Jürgen Koebke ◽  
Gert-Peter Brüggemann
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Talocrural Joint ◽  
Leg Muscle

P091 Effect of lateral wedges on lower leg muscle length and potential for exacerbating spasticity

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. S105-S106
Author(s):  
S. Forghany ◽  
S. Tyson ◽  
C. Nester ◽  
R. Jones ◽  
S. Preece
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Length ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Lateral Wedges

Evaluation of Performance for Selective Lower Leg Muscle Activity During Walking on Computer Controlled Treadmill System

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (13) ◽  
pp. 339-343
Author(s):  
Takeshi Sato ◽  
Takayuki Watanabe ◽  
Hiroshi Yasuoka ◽  
Kazuaki Kawashima ◽  
Masami Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Leg Muscle

scholarly journals Periodik Paralisis Hipokalemia pada Anak Usia 15

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jufitriani Ismy
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Clinical Symptom ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Periodic Paralysis ◽  
Progressive Muscle Weakness ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Acute Attacks ◽  
Muscle Groups

Abstrak. Periodik paralisis hipokalemia menyebabkan kelemahan otot yang progresif terutama pada kelompok otot proksimal tungkai bawah, serangan akut dapat terjadi secara berulang. Serangan pertama biasanya terjadi antara usia 5 tahun dan 35 tahun, tetapi frekuensi serangan paling tinggi antara usia 15 dan 35 tahun.  Ditemukan kasus Periodik paralisis hipokalemia yang berulang pada anak laki laki usia 15 tahun. Semua hasil analisis gejala klinis dan pemeriksaan penunjang sangat mendukung untuk diagnosis periodik paralisis hipokalemia.Kata kunci: periodik paralisis hipokalemia, kelemahan otot, usia 15 tahunAbstract. Periodic paralysis of hypokalemia causes progressive muscle weakness especially in the proximal lower leg muscle groups, acute attacks may occur repeatedly. The first attacks usually occur between the ages of 5 and 35, but the frequency of attacks is highest between the ages of 15 and 35. A case of recurrent hypokalemia periodic paralysis was found in a boy aged 15 years. All the results of clinical symptom analysis and investigations are very supportive for the diagnosis of periodic hypokalemia paralysis. Key words: periodic hypokalemia paralysis, muscle weakness, age 15 years

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