Extinct and extant rove beetles meet in the matrix: Early Cretaceous fossils shed light on the evolution of a hyperdiverse insect lineage (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) [X2200] (matrix)

10.7934/x2200 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Solodovnikov ◽  
Y Yue ◽  
T Tarasov ◽  
R Ren
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cretaceous Fossils

scholarly journals Importance of the number emission factor of combustion-generated aerosols from nano-enabled products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Hammer ◽  
Nathan Bossa ◽  
Michael Persson ◽  
Adrian Wichser ◽  
Ken Lehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Aerosol Number Concentration ◽  
Release Data ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Residual Ash ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Accidental or open waste burning and incineration of nano-enabled products (NEPs) might lead to the release of incidental nanomaterials (NMs) into the environment resulting in harmful effects on humans. We have investigated combustion-generated NM release during accidental burning for several real-life NEPs such as paints with silica (SiO2) and spruce wood panels containing SiO2 and Fe2O3 NMs, paper with SiO2 and Fe2O3 NMs and polymeric composites with CuPhthtalocyanine NMs in poly lactic acid (PLA), polyamide 6 (PA6) and thermoplastic pol-urethane (TPU) matrices.Chemical compositions, aerosols number emission factors (nefs) and concentrations of the signature elements of the NMs of the combustion-generated aerosols were investigated. In addition, the residual ash was analyzed. The outcomes of this study shed light on how NM and matrix types influenced the properties of the released aerosols. Based on our results it was established that the combustion-generated aerosols were composed of transformed NMs with modified physical-chemical characteristics compared to the pristine NMs. In addition to the transformed NMs, there were also particles due to incomplete combustion of the matrix. Types of the pristine NMs and matrices affected the characteristics of the released aerosols. Since the hazard of the aerosols is related to the inhaled aerosol number concentration, the nef is an important parameter. Our results showed that the nefs in the size range of 5.6 to 560 nm depended strongly on the type of combusted NEP, which indicated that the NEPs could be categorized according to their potential to release aerosols in this size range when they were burnt. The generated release data facilitate the assessment of human and environmental exposure and the associated risk assessment of combustion-generated aerosols from NEPs.

Diversity of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Early Cretaceous Spanish amber

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Peris ◽  
Stylianos Chatzimanolis ◽  
Xavier Delclòs
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Rove Beetles

scholarly journals Quasicontinuum Simulation of the Effect of Lotus-Type Nanocavity on the Onset Plasticity of Single Crystal Al during Nanoindentation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Jin ◽  
Peijun Yang ◽  
Jingyi Cao ◽  
Shaojie Li ◽  
Qing Peng
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Contact Stiffness ◽  
Circular Cavity ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Ellipsoidal Cavity ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Quasicontinuum Method ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Shed Light

Stress concentration around nanosized defects such as cavities always leads to plastic deformation and failure of solids. We investigate the effects of depth, size, and shape of a lotus-type nanocavity on onset plasticity of single crystal Al during nanoindentation on a (001) surface using a quasicontinuum method. The results show that the presence of a nanocavity can greatly affect the contact stiffness (Sc) and yield stress (σy) of the matrix during nanoindentation. For a circular cavity, the Sc and σy gradually increase with the cavity depth. A critical depth can be identified, over which the Sc and σy are insensitive to the cavity depth and it is firstly observed that the nucleated dislocations extend into the matrix and form a y-shaped structure. Moreover, the critical depth varies approximately linearly with the indenter size, regarding the same cavity. The Sc almost linearly decreases with the cavity diameter, while the σy is slightly affected. For an ellipsoidal cavity, the Sc and σy increase with the aspect ratio (AR), while they are less affected when the AR is over 1. Our results shed light in the mechanical behavior of metals with cavities and could also be helpful in designing porous materials and structures.

scholarly journals Specialized proteinine rove beetles shed light on insect–fungal associations in the Cretaceous

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1845) ◽  
pp. 20161439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang Cai ◽  
Alfred F. Newton ◽  
Margaret K. Thayer ◽  
Richard A. B. Leschen ◽  
Diying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Slime Moulds ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Specialized Structure ◽  
Shed Light

Insects and fungi have a long history of association in shared habitats. Fungus-feeding, or mycophagy, is remarkably widespread in beetles (Coleoptera) and appears to be a primitive feeding habit that preceded feeding on plant tissues. Numerous Mesozoic beetles belonging to extant fungus-associated families are known, but direct fossil evidence elucidating mycophagy in insects has remained elusive. Here, we report a remarkable genus and species, Vetuproteinus cretaceus gen. et sp. nov., belonging to a new tribe (Vetuproteinini trib. nov.) of the extant rove beetle subfamily Proteininae (Staphylinidae) in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The mouthparts of this beetle have a markedly enlarged protruding galea bearing an apparent spore brush, a specialized structure we infer was used to scrape spores off surfaces and direct them into the mouth, as in multiple modern spore-feeding beetles. Considering the long evolutionary history of Fungi, the Mid-Cretaceous beetles likely fed on ancient Basidiomycota and/or Ascomycota fungi or spore-producing organisms such as slime moulds (Myxomycetes). The discovery of the first Mesozoic proteinine illustrates the antiquity of the subfamily, and suggests that ancestral Proteininae were already diverse and widespread in Pangaea before the supercontinent broke up.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence of keratin and melanosomes in feathers of the Early Cretaceous bird Eoconfuciusornis

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (49) ◽  
pp. E7900-E7907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Pan ◽  
Wenxia Zheng ◽  
Alison E. Moyer ◽  
Jingmai K. O’Connor ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Jehol Biota ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Immunological Recognition ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Associated Matrix

Microbodies associated with feathers of both nonavian dinosaurs and early birds were first identified as bacteria but have been reinterpreted as melanosomes. Whereas melanosomes in modern feathers are always surrounded by and embedded in keratin, melanosomes embedded in keratin in fossils has not been demonstrated. Here we provide multiple independent molecular analyses of both microbodies and the associated matrix recovered from feathers of a new specimen of the basal bird Eoconfuciusornis from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China. Our work represents the oldest ultrastructural and immunological recognition of avian beta-keratin from an Early Cretaceous (∼130-Ma) bird. We apply immunogold to identify protein epitopes at high resolution, by localizing antibody–antigen complexes to specific fossil ultrastructures. Retention of original keratinous proteins in the matrix surrounding electron-opaque microbodies supports their assignment as melanosomes and adds to the criteria employable to distinguish melanosomes from microbial bodies. Our work sheds new light on molecular preservation within normally labile tissues preserved in fossils.

scholarly journals From deep TLS validation to ensembles of atomic models built from elemental motions

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1668-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Urzhumtsev ◽  
Pavel V. Afonine ◽  
Andrew H. Van Benschoten ◽  
James S. Fraser ◽  
Paul D. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Correlated Motions ◽  
Molecular Movement ◽  
Atomic Vibrations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Independent Parameters ◽  
Structural Ensemble ◽  
Shed Light

The translation–libration–screw model first introduced by Cruickshank, Schomaker and Trueblood describes the concerted motions of atomic groups. Using TLS models can improve the agreement between calculated and experimental diffraction data. Because theT,LandSmatrices describe a combination of atomic vibrations and librations, TLS models can also potentially shed light on molecular mechanisms involving correlated motions. However, this use of TLS models in mechanistic studies is hampered by the difficulties in translating the results of refinement into molecular movement or a structural ensemble. To convert the matrices into a constituent molecular movement, the matrix elements must satisfy several conditions. Refining theT,LandSmatrix elements as independent parameters without taking these conditions into account may result in matrices that do not represent concerted molecular movements. Here, a mathematical framework and the computational tools to analyze TLS matrices, resulting in either explicit decomposition into descriptions of the underlying motions or a report of broken conditions, are described. The description of valid underlying motions can then be output as a structural ensemble. All methods are implemented as part of thePHENIXproject.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document