A wolf in another wolf’s clothing: Post-genomic regulation dictates venom profiles of medically-important cryptic kraits in India (project)

10.7934/p3897 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sunagar ◽  
S Khochare ◽  
R Laxme ◽  
S Attarde ◽  
P Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Regulation

Bodies of the Anthropocene: On the interactive plasticity of earth systems and biological organisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 205301962110015
Author(s):  
Maurizio Meloni ◽  
Rachael Wakefield-Rann ◽  
Becky Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Earth Systems ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Genomic Regulation ◽  
Slow Violence ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Biological Organisms

The Anthropocene literature has brought attention to the plasticity and porosity of Earth systems under the dramatic impact of human activities. Moving across scales of analysis, this paper focuses attention on anthropogenic effects at the micro-scale of genomic regulation, neuronal functioning and cellular activity. Building on expanding dialogues at the interface of Anthropocene science, biogeography, microbiology and ecotoxicology, we mobilize epigenetic findings to show increasing evidence of anthropogenic changes in plants, animals and human bodies. Treating human-induced changes at the macro-global and micro-biological scales as part of an intertwined process has implications for how these problems are conceptualised and addressed. While we are sceptics about major geo-bio-social syntheses, we believe that agile social-scientific tools can facilitate interaction across disciplines without denying unevenness, and differences. If rightly contextualized in broad anthropological and social science frameworks, biosocial work on epigenetics offers a compelling avenue to make detectable the ‘slow violence’ of everyday pollution, racism, inequalities and the disproportionate impact of the Anthropocene on the poor and vulnerable. Consolidating work at the Anthropocene/biology interface has potential to offer a richer and more complete picture of the present crisis at the macro and micro-scale alike.

scholarly journals A Wolf in Another Wolf’s Clothing: Post-Genomic Regulation Dictates Venom Profiles of Medically-Important Cryptic Kraits in India

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Sunagar ◽  
Suyog Khochare ◽  
R. R. Senji Laxme ◽  
Saurabh Attarde ◽  
Paulomi Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Venom Gland ◽  
Western India ◽  
The Common ◽  
Genomic Regulation

The Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) shares a distribution range with many other ‘phenotypically-similar’ kraits across the Indian subcontinent. Despite several reports of fatal envenomings by other Bungarus species, commercial Indian antivenoms are only manufactured against B. caeruleus. It is, therefore, imperative to understand the distribution of genetically distinct lineages of kraits, the compositional differences in their venoms, and the consequent impact of venom variation on the (pre)clinical effectiveness of antivenom therapy. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted phylogenetic and comparative venomics investigations of kraits in Southern and Western India. Phylogenetic reconstructions using mitochondrial markers revealed a new species of krait, Romulus’ krait (Bungarus romulusi sp. nov.), in Southern India. Additionally, we found that kraits with 17 mid-body dorsal scale rows in Western India do not represent a subspecies of the Sind Krait (B. sindanus walli) as previously believed, but are genetically very similar to B. sindanus in Pakistan. Furthermore, venom proteomics and comparative transcriptomics revealed completely contrasting venom profiles. While the venom gland transcriptomes of all three species were highly similar, venom proteomes and toxicity profiles differed significantly, suggesting the prominent role of post-genomic regulatory mechanisms in shaping the venoms of these cryptic kraits. In vitro venom recognition and in vivo neutralisation experiments revealed a strong negative impact of venom variability on the preclinical performance of commercial antivenoms. While the venom of B. caeruleus was neutralised as per the manufacturer’s claim, performance against the venoms of B. sindanus and B. romulusi was poor, highlighting the need for regionally-effective antivenoms in India.

Genomic regulation of type 2 diabetes endophenotypes: Contribution from genetic studies in the Goto-Kakizaki rat

Biochimie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Thérèse Bihoreau ◽  
Marc-Emmanuel Dumas ◽  
Mark Lathrop ◽  
Dominique Gauguier
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Genomic Regulation

scholarly journals Critical genomic regulation mediated by Enhancer of Polycomb

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi E. Searle ◽  
Lorraine Pillus
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Regulation

scholarly journals Photoswitchable gRNAs for Spatiotemporally Controlled CRISPR-Cas-Based Genomic Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Moroz-Omori ◽  
Dwiantari Satyapertiwi ◽  
Marie-Christine Ramel ◽  
Håkon Høgset ◽  
Ilona K. Sunyovszki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Regulation

scholarly journals Genomics of circadian rhythms in health and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Rijo-Ferreira ◽  
Joseph S. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Chromosome Organization ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Genomic Regulation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCircadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-h physiological and behavioral processes. The central circadian clock exerts control over myriad aspects of mammalian physiology, including the regulation of sleep, metabolism, and the immune system. Here, we review advances in understanding the genetic regulation of sleep through the circadian system, as well as the impact of dysregulated gene expression on metabolic function. We also review recent studies that have begun to unravel the circadian clock’s role in controlling the cardiovascular and nervous systems, gut microbiota, cancer, and aging. Such circadian control of these systems relies, in part, on transcriptional regulation, with recent evidence for genome-wide regulation of the clock through circadian chromosome organization. These novel insights into the genomic regulation of human physiology provide opportunities for the discovery of improved treatment strategies and new understanding of the biological underpinnings of human disease.

scholarly journals Mechano-genomic regulation of coronaviruses and its interplay with ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Uhler ◽  
G. V. Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Regulation
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