scholarly journals The risks of cannabis and other illicit drugs: Views among French and Finnish addiction treatment providers

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Simmat-Durand ◽  
Anja Koski-Jännes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Treatment Providers

Simmat-Durand, L., & Koski-Jännes, A. (2015). The risks of cannabis and other illicit drugs: Views among French and Finnish addiction treatment providers. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 61-69. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.201Aims: This study explores the effect of cultural context and group-level factors on the views held by treatment professionals in France and Finland about addiction and the dangers of illicit drugs.Design: Cross-cultural survey.Setting: Similar questionnaires were mailed to professionals working in specialized addiction treatment units in both countries.Participants: In Finland, 520 treatment providers working personally with clients responded, and 472 responded in France. The samples differed in several ways. Most notably, the medical profession was more dominant in France, while social work and counselling dominated in Finland.Measures: In addition to demographics, the questions covered different addictions, and included questions on the levels of danger of heroin, amphetamines and cannabis for individuals and the society.Findings: Consistent cultural differences appeared in the views of Finnish and French professionals regarding the addictiveness of illicit drugs and their level of danger to society. These differences remained significant after controlling for professions and other background variables.Conclusions: Cultural context, local prevalence of high-risk behaviors, familiarity with the substance, country of residence, and level of education appeared as major modifiers of risk perceptions.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation of the Perceived Risk of HIV Scale in Brazilian Portuguese

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago S. Torres ◽  
Paula M. Luz ◽  
Luana M. S. Marins ◽  
Daniel R. B. Bezerra ◽  
Celline C. Almeida-Brasil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation

Abstract Background Valid and reliable instruments are needed to measure the multiple dimensions of perceived risk. The Perceived Risk of HIV Scale is an 8-item measure that assesses how people think and feel about their risk of infection. We set out to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the scale to Brazilian Portuguese among key populations (gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and transgender/non-binary) and other populations (cisgender heterosexual men and cisgender women). Methods Methodological study with cross-sectional design conducted online during October/2019 (key populations [sample 1] and other populations) and February–March/2020 (key populations not on pre-exposure prophylaxis [sample 2]). Cross-cultural adaptation of the Perceived Risk of HIV Scale followed Beaton et al. 2000 guidelines and included confirmatory factor analysis, differential item functioning (DIF) using the Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause model, and concurrent validity to verify if younger individuals, those ever testing for HIV, and engaging in high-risk behaviors had higher scores on the scale. Results 4342 participants from key populations (sample 1 = 235; sample 2 = 4107) and 155 participants from other populations completed the measure. We confirmed the single-factor structure of the original measure (fit indices for sample 1 plus other populations: CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.07; sample 2 plus other populations: CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.09). For the comparisons between key populations and other populations, three items (item 2: “I worry about getting infected with HIV”, item 4: “I am sure I will not get infected with HIV”, and item 8: “Getting HIV is something I have”) exhibited statistically significant DIF. Items 2 and 8 were endorsed at higher levels by key populations and item 4 by other populations. However, the effect of DIF on overall scores was negligible (0.10 and 0.02 standard deviations for the models with other populations plus sample 1 and 2, respectively). Those ever testing for HIV scored higher than those who never tested (p < .001); among key populations, those engaging in high-risk behaviors scored higher than those reporting low-risk. Conclusion The Perceived Risk of HIV Scale can be used among key populations and other populations from Brazil.

scholarly journals A Closer Look at Changes in High-Risk Food-Handling Behaviors and Perceptions of Primary Food Handlers at Home in South Korea across Time

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1457
Author(s):  
Tae Jin Cho ◽  
Sun Ae Kim ◽  
Hye Won Kim ◽  
Min Suk Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
At Home

Food-handling behaviors and risk perceptions among primary food handlers were investigated by consumer surveys from different subjects in 2010 (N = 609; 1st survey will be called here “Year 2010”) and 2019 (N = 605; 2nd survey will be called here “Year 2019”). Year 2010 was characterized by consumers’ risk perception-behavior gap (i.e., consumers knew safe methods for food-handling, but responses regarding the behaviors did not support their confidence in food safety): they (1) did not wash/trim foods before storage, (2) thawed frozen foods at room temperature, and (3) exposed leftovers to danger zone temperatures. These trends were not improved and the gaps in Year 2010 remained in Year 2019. Year 2010 was also characterized by other common high-risk behaviors improved during 8 years for the following aspects: (1) 70.0% of consumers divided a large portion of food into smaller pieces for storage, but few consumers (12.5%) labeled divided foods with relevant information, and (2) they excessively reused kitchen utensils. Whereas in Year 2019, more consumers (25.7%) labeled food and usage periods for kitchen utensils were shortened. Consumers usually conformed to food safety rules in both Year 2010 and 2019: (1) separate storage of foods, (2) storage of foods in the proper places/periods, (3) washing fruits/vegetables before eating, (4) washing hands after handling potentially hazardous foods, and (5) cooking foods and reheating leftovers to eat. Our findings provided resources for understanding consumers’ high-risk behaviors/perceptions at home, highlighting the importance of behavioral control.

The SRM Approach to Family Assessment

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Assessment ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Direction Of Effects

Abstract. In family systems, it is possible for one to put oneself at risk by eliciting aversive, high-risk behaviors from others ( Cook, Kenny, & Goldstein, 1991 ). Consequently, it is desirable that family assessments should clarify the direction of effects when evaluating family dynamics. In this paper a new method of family assessment will be presented that identifies bidirectional influence processes in family relationships. Based on the Social Relations Model (SRM: Kenny & La Voie, 1984 ), the SRM Family Assessment provides information about the give and take of family dynamics at three levels of analysis: group, individual, and dyad. The method will be briefly illustrated by the assessment of a family from the PIER Program, a randomized clinical trial of an intervention to prevent the onset of psychosis in high-risk young people.

Depression Rates and Its Relation to High-Risk Behaviors Among Women Street-Sex Workers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyllymar Colon ◽  
Vivian Tamayo-Agrait ◽  
Isaedmarie Febo ◽  
Paola Piovanetti ◽  
Michelle Pico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
High Risk Behaviors

The 'Cattle Battle' in Cross-Cultural Context

1994 ◽  
Vol - (50) ◽  
pp. 2-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance M. McCorkle
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural

Two Gambling Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Tzu-Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mail Order ◽  
Foreign Brides ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

This narrative aims to explore the meaning and lived experiences of marriage that a unique immigrant population—“foreign brides” in Taiwan—possesses. This convergence narrative illustrates the dynamics and complexity of mail-order marriage and women's perseverance in a cross-cultural context. The relationship between marriage, race, and migration is analyzed. This narrative is comprised of and intertwined by two story lines. One is the story of two “foreign brides” in Taiwan. The other is my story about my cross-cultural relationship. All the dialogues are generated by 25 interviews of “foreign brides” in Taiwan and my personal experience.

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