scholarly journals An update on alcohol use and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: Meta-analysis and future research directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Woolf-King ◽  
Craig M Steinmaus ◽  
Arthur L Reingold ◽  
Judith A Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals An update on alcohol use and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: Meta-analysis and future research directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Woolf-King ◽  
Craig M Steinmaus ◽  
Arthur L Reingold ◽  
Judith A Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan

Woolf-King, S., Steinmaus, C. M., Reingold, A. L. & Hahn, J. A. (2013). An update on alcohol use and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: Meta-analysis and future research directions. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 99-110.  doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.45 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.45)Aims: Sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, and growing evidence suggests that alcohol consumption is a co-occurring problem in the region.  We conducted a meta-analysis on studies of alcohol use and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa in order to assess associations, evaluate heterogeneity in the literature, identify susceptible subgroups, and suggest avenues for future research.Design: We performed a systematic review, including published review articles and electronic database searches, and identified 35 studies on alcohol use and HIV.Setting and participants: All of the studies included in the meta-analysis occurred with adults in sub-Saharan Africa.Measurements: Pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates were calculated using both the fixed inverse variance weighting method and the random effects method when evidence of heterogeneity was present.Findings: The pooled OR estimate for all studies was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.44–1.80).  The association between alcohol use and prevalence or incident HIV infection was particularly large among samples who reported problem drinking (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.64–2.87) and drinking in sexual contexts (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.55–2.06).  Some evidence of publication bias was present; however, the OR remained statistically significant in small and large studies and with population-based and high-risk samples.Conclusions: These results suggest that alcohol consumption, particularly at high levels and in sexual contexts, is associated with an increased risk of HIV infection.  An increased focus on methods that allow for more sensitive tests of the event-level association between alcohol consumption and risk of HIV infection may provide a better understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying this relationship.

scholarly journals Recurrent Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa: Moving beyond Epidemiology to Understand the Environmental Reservoirs and Drivers

Challenges ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Edmond Sanganyado
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Borne

Recurrent cholera outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) attracted a lot of research interest, raising questions about the effectiveness of current prevention and control methods. However, research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in Africa is dominated by epidemiological studies, while investigations on the environmental drivers and reservoirs of cholera remain scarce. The current discourse relating cholera to the environment in SSA is often limited to the rudimentary statement that, “cholera is caused by the consumption of contaminated water and food”. Yet, beyond this simplistic view, literature elsewhere shows that cholera outbreaks are controlled by its complex interactions with environmental drivers and reservoirs. This brings to question whether cholera can be eradicated in SSA without understanding these complex interactions. The current review seeks to (1) highlight the nature and dynamics of recent cholera outbreaks in SSA, (2) discuss the importance of environmental reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae, and anthropogenic and hydroclimatic drivers in controlling the dynamics of cholera outbreaks, and (3) highlight key knowledge gaps and future research directions, and the need to harness emerging research tools such as modeling, machine learning, data mining, and genomics techniques to better understand the cholera dynamics. By bringing to fore these often-overlooked issues in cholera research, we seek to stimulate discussion, and promote a shift toward cross-disciplinary research on cholera and other water-borne diseases in SSA and beyond.

Factors Affecting E-Business Adoption by SMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa

2011 ◽  
pp. 319-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Princely Ifinedo
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Sub Saharan

The use of information communication technologies (ICT) especially the Internet by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is on the increase in many regions of the world, including Africa. Nevertheless, empirical evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regarding the factors that affect the adoption of e-business is scarce. In that regard, the main objective of this chapter is to fill the research gap with an exploratory study that is aimed at eliciting views from SMEs in Nigeria. This article made use of a theoretical framework encompassing organizational, external and technological contexts to deliberate the issue. A survey is conducted in three Nigerian cities and the findings of the study are presented. The implication of the study is discussed and future research directions also given.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and its associated factors among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis' as given in the submission system

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Earsido Addila ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yigzaw Kebede Gete ◽  
Mezgebu Yitayal Mengistu ◽  
Getnet Mihretie Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption during pregnancy represents a significant public health concern. It has several adverse health effects for both the mother and the developing fetus. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and the effect size of associated factors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Methods The results of the review were reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement (PRISMA) guideline and, it was registered in the Prospero database, number CRD42019127103. The available primary studies were collated from different databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, African Journals Online and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Library. The main search terms were [((alcohol consumption) OR (alcohol drinking) OR (alcohol use) OR (ethanol use) OR (alcohol exposure)) AND ((pregnant women) OR (pregnant mother) OR (during pregnancy)) AND (Sub-Saharan Africa)]. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for critical appraisal of studies. The random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using the I2 statistic and the Cochrane Q test. Results The review resulted in 963 original studies after searching various databases, and finally 37 studies in qualitative synthesis and 30 articles in the systematic review and meta-analysis were included. The overall summary estimate of the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy was found to be 20.83% (95% CI: 18.21, 23.46). The pooled estimate of meta-analysis showed that depression (OR: 1.572; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.845), partners’ alcohol use (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.57), knowledge on harmful effect of alcohol consumption (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.45) and, unplanned pregnancy (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.63) were statistically significant factors with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Conclusions The result showed that there was high alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Sub- Saharan Africa. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy was associated with depression, partners’ alcohol use, unplanned pregnancy and knowledge of the harmful effects of alcohol consumption. Therefore, this will be a basis for public policy and resource allocation for prevention initiatives.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Therapy Non-Adherence Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1727-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Velloza ◽  
Christopher G. Kemp ◽  
Frances M. Aunon ◽  
Megan K. Ramaiya ◽  
Emma Creegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Vicarious Dissonance : Meta-analysis registered report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jaubert ◽  
Adrien Alejandro Fillon ◽  
Lionel Souchet ◽  
Fabien Girandola
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Set Up

Vicarious dissonance is the phenomenon that describes the possibility that individuals may experience cognitive dissonance vicariously when they witness an inconsistent act committed by a member of their own group. After more than 15 years of research, uncertainties remain as to the effectiveness of experimental procedures set up in vicarious dissonance to obtain effects, raising the need for a meta-analytic summary of the literature. In this registered report, we conducted a meta-analysis (k = [X], n = [X]) of the effect of vicarious dissonance. We found [empirical support] for the vicarious dissonance effect, [g = X]. Vicarious dissonance is a meaningful effect for [X]. Study heterogeneity was [Low/high]. [Summarize results]. We tested [List of moderators]. We found that [meaningful moderation] moderated vicarious dissonance. Vicarious dissonance was stronger [list of conditions]. [Brief descriptions of strengths and limitations, and future research directions] We registered our meta-analysis here: https://osf.io/t5vs7/?view_only=e9dc20e90a584afbb2456aecd8809c9b

Corporate Governance Research in Accounting and Auditing: Insights, Practice Implications, and Future Research Directions

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Carcello ◽  
Dana R. Hermanson ◽  
Zhongxia (Shelly) Ye
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Research Directions

SUMMARY Over the past two decades, the corporate governance literature in accounting and auditing has grown rapidly. To better understand this body of work, we discuss 12 recent literature review or meta-analysis papers and summarize selected results (i.e., clusters of papers with new and interesting results) from recent empirical research papers, after reviewing the findings of over 250 studies. Our corporate governance focus is primarily on corporate board and audit committee issues. We discuss the major insights from this literature and the practice implications of these findings. In addition, we identify a number of opportunities for future research. In particular, we make suggestions for: (1) improved research paradigms in corporate governance, (2) extensions of existing research, and (3) new or emerging lines of research.

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