Role of histopathological examination in nontraumatic perforation of colon

Komal Singla; Garima Mahajan; Sarla Agarwal

doi:10.7869/tg.2012.68

Manipulation of Quercetin and Melatonin in the Down-Regulation of HIF-1α, HSP-70 and VEGF Pathways in Rat’s Kidneys Induced by Hypoxic Stress

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325820949797 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 155932582094979

Author(s):

Aliah R. Alshanwani ◽

Sameerah Shaheen ◽

Laila M. Faddah ◽

Ahlam M. Alhusaini ◽

Hanaa M. Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Hsp 70 ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Factor Α ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Hypoxia may lead to inflammatory responses by numerous signaling pathways. This investigation intended to inspect the defensive role of Quercetin (Quer) and/ or Melatonin (Mel) against reno toxicity induced by Sodium nitrite (Sod ntr). Sod ntr injection significantly decreased blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with a concurrent increase in serum tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and urea levels. Over protein-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and heat shock, protein-70 and mRNA of HIF-1α were also observed. Pretreatment of the Sod ntr- injected rats with the aforementioned antioxidants; either alone or together significantly improved such parameters. Histopathological examination reinforced the previous results. It was concluded that the combined administration of Quer and Mel may be useful as a potential therapy against renal injury induced by Sod ntr. HIF-1α and HSP-70 are implicated in the induction of hypoxia and its treatment.

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Diagnostic Modalities of Precancerous and Cancerous Cervical Lesions with Special Emphasis on CD31 Angiogenesis Factor as a Marker

Pathology Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/243168 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bandana Sharma ◽

Neetu Singh ◽

Neena Gupta ◽

Pavika Lal ◽

Shefali Pande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Invasive Group ◽

Angiogenesis Factor ◽

Medical College ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

Diagnostic Modalities

Objectives. To evaluate the role of angiogenesis tumor marker CD31 in the detection of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions and to compare its efficacy with colposcopy and histopathology. Materials and Methods. 230 patients with a suspicious looking cervix and an abnormal Pap smear attending the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of GSVM Medical College were subjected to a colposcopic examination. 180 patients with suspected colposcopic findings were subjected to a colposcopic directed biopsy. Biopsy tissues were sent for histopathological examination out of which 50 biopsied samples were sent for immunostaining of CD-31. Statistical analysis was done. Results. Comparison of microvessel density (MVD) count by haematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and immunostaining of CD31 in preinvasive group were and , respectively, and in invasive group were and , respectively, which showed that MVD was higher by CD31 both in preinvasive and invasive group, and it was statistically significant. Conclusion. Angiogenesis is a marker of tumor progression, and CD31 fixes up vessel better as compared to HE, so aggressiveness of the tumor can be better predicted by MVD-CD31 as compared to MVD-HE.

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Metabolism is not a Major Contributor to the Toxicity of Piperaquine, a Major Partner Antimalarial in Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200222666210928124943 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Liyuan Zhang ◽

Zhaohua Liu ◽

Yunrui Zhang ◽

Yuewu Xie ◽

Jie Xing

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

High Dose ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Apoptosis Pathway ◽

Hepatocellular Damage ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Oral Doses ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Cumulative Exposures

Background: Hepatocellular damage has been reported for the antimalarial piperaquine (PQ) in the clinic after cumulative doses. Objectives: The role of metabolism in PQ toxicity was evaluated, and the mechanism mediating PQ hepatotoxicity was investigated. Method: The toxicity of PQ and its major metabolite (PQ N-oxide; M1) in mice was evaluated in terms of serum biochemical parameters. The role of metabolism in PQ toxicity was investigated in mice pretreated with an inhibitor of CYP450 (ABT) and/or FMO enzyme (MMI). The dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of PQ and M1 were studied in mice. Histopathological examination was performed to reveal the mechanism mediating PQ hepatotoxicity. Results: Serum biochemical levels (ALT and BUN) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in mice after three-day oral doses of PQ (> 200 mg/kg/day), indicating hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of PQ at a high dose. Weaker toxicity was observed for M1. Pretreatment with ABT and/or MMI did not increase PQ toxicity. PQ and M1 showed linear pharmacokinetics in mice after a single oral dose, and multiple oral doses led to their cumulative exposures. Histopathological examination showed that a high dose of PQ (> 200 mg/kg/day for three days) could induce hepatocyte apoptosis. The mRNA levels of targets in NF-κB and p53 pathways could be up-regulated by 2-30-fold in mice by PQ or M1. Conclusions: PQ metabolism led to detoxification of PQ, but there was a low possibility of altered toxicity induced by metabolism inhibition. The hepatotoxicity of PQ and its N-oxidation metabolite was partly mediated by NF-κB inflammatory pathway and p53 apoptosis pathway.

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Assess the Role of Sonography and MRI in Diagnosing Ovarian Masses

Asian Journal of Medical Radiological Research ◽

10.47009/ajmrr.2020.8.2.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 41-49

Author(s):

G. Mahender Reddy ◽

M. L. Ravindernath ◽

S.Snehaja Reddy

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Benign Lesion ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Diagnostic Modality ◽

Color Flow ◽

Palpable Mass ◽

Imaging Characteristics ◽

Ovarian Masses

Background: In order to conduct appropriate surgical treatments, the characterization of ovarian lesions is of considerable significance and can affect patient care. A multidisciplinary approach based on physical assessment, laboratory tests and imaging techniques includes adequate measurement of the adnexal masses. The aim is to assess the role of Sonography and MR in diagnosing ovarian masses, to study imaging characteristics of ovarian masses on USG and Doppler in correlating these findings with MR features. Subjects and Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of radiodiagnosis to determine the efficacy of sonography and MRI in the diagnosis of ovarian masses. The study group comprised 50 patients with clinically suspected ovarian masses and imaging was carried out on all patients with ovarian masses and imaging was carried out on all patients with ovarian masses. All the masses were evaluated on sonography based on the Sassone scoring system. Morphological analysis was performed for each mass based on wall thickness, inner wall structure, septal structure and echogenicity of mass. The color flow was carried out, subsequently; MRI was carried out for each patient. Radiological diagnosis was confirmed after surgery on histopathological examination. Results: The majority of the patients were in the age group of 31-40 years. The most common symptoms noted were pain in the abdomen. The most common clinical finding was a palpable mass. The application of Sassone sonomorphologic score >9 was identified in 8 masses, out of which 7 were malignant and 1 was a benign lesion. The colour flow was detected in 38 out of 50 masses. The presence of flow, type of flow, vessel arrangement, morphology and location were noted and on pulsed Doppler the RI and PI values were calculated. Out of 8 malignant cases, 5 were diagnosed as malignant according to the Caruso score. The overall sensitivity 100 %, specificity is 97.6% and diagnostic accuracy is 98% of MRI which is higher than that of ultrasound and CDS. Conclusion: We conclude that MRI is a superior diagnostic modality in establishing the diagnosis of ovarian masses.

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First report of Angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.19616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 1265

Author(s):

P. Gavrilović ◽

I. Todorović ◽

I. Pavlović ◽

A. Živulj

Keyword(s):

Vulpes Vulpes ◽

Present Finding ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Pulmonary Arteries ◽

Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽

Red Foxes ◽

Reservoir Species ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

The Right

Angiostrongylosis caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging disease in Europe and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is considered as a main reservoir species for this parasite. Since there have been no reports of A. vasorum in red foxes in Serbia at the time of carrying out our investigations, the aim of the investigations was to explore the role of red foxes in South Banat (northern Serbia) as reservoirs for A. vasorum. Legally hunted foxes were autopsied in the Veterinary Specialised Institute “Pančevo”. The heart, lungs and pulmonary artery were examined macroscopically for evidence of gross lesions and for the presence of adult specimens of A. vasorum. Impression smears of the changed lung tissue were examined microscopically for the presence of first stage larvae of A. vasorum and histopathological examination was performed on lung samples. Out of 24 examined foxes hunted in different locations, 13 had lesions manifested in the lungs, which were suspected to be indicative of angiostrongylosis. In the majority of the foxes distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were swollen, firm, and discoloured to dark-red, dark-yellow and darkbrown. The characteristic lesions in distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were completely consistent with the presence of adult parasites in the right heart and pulmonary arteries, and with the presence of the first stage larvae in the impression smears. The present finding contributes to the knowledge of geographic distribution of angiostrongylosis in red foxes in Europe and provides valuable information that should raise awareness in veterinarians to consider this parasitosis in dogs with signs of cardiopulmonary diseases.

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Paratesticular Liposarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Case Reports in Urology ◽

10.1155/2013/806289 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haider Alyousef ◽

Elsawi M. Osman ◽

Mohamed A. Gomha

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Local Excision ◽

Wide Local Excision ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

The Right ◽

Paratesticular Liposarcoma ◽

Paratesticular Mass ◽

Negative Imaging

Introduction. Liposarcoma is a rare pathological entity. By far it is the most common histological subtype of genitourinary sarcomas in adults. Approximately two hundred cases were reported in the literature. We are hereby presenting a case with a typical clinical scenario of paratesticular liposarcoma.Case report. A 75-year-old gentleman presented with a painless right hemiscrotal swelling that was progressively increasing in size over the last 6 years. Testicular tumour markers were negative. Imaging showed a heterogenous mass with fat component. Subsequently he underwent wide local excision that included the paratesticular mass along with the right testicle and all right inguinal canal contents up to the deep inguinal ring with the sparing of right illioinguinal nerve. Histopathological examination showed a well differentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. He remained recurrence-free so far after 18 months of followup.Conclusion. Radical orchidectomy with wide local excision comprises the cornerstone of treatment of paratesticular liposarcoma. Due to the rarity of the disease there is no definite universal consensus of opinion as regards the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

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The role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v10i1.44760 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 48-53

Author(s):

Mohammad Sowkat Hossain ◽

S M Mahbubul Alam ◽

Sk Md Jaynul Islam ◽

Wasim Selimul Haque ◽

Shamoli Yasmin

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽

Neck Region ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Head And Neck Region

Background: Undifferentiated tumours in the head and neck region are not uncommon. They can arise from different sites like in mucosa as well as in salivary glands, soft tissues or lymph nodes. Histopathological examination plays a central role in the diagnosis but difficulties arise with some tumours which are poorlydifferentiated due to their high inter- and intra-observer variability. In those cases, immunohistochemistry has greatly assisted to diagnose the tumours that cannot be accurately identified using routine histopathological procedures. The correct histopathological diagnosis is essential especially in case of malignant tumourwhere subsequent specific therapy is required. The aim of this study was to determine the role of immunohistochemistry for diagnosing undifferentiated malignancy in the head and neck region. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 35 Bangladeshi patient’s specimens of head and neck swelling were collected from two renowned laboratories in Dhaka city.These cases were diagnosed as undifferentiated tumour in histopathological examination.Standard protocol was followed for immunohistochemistry.Then primary immunohistochemical panel which included the markers for Epithelial CK (AE1/AE3),mesenchymal marker (Vimentin) and lymphoid marker (LCA) were used.The cases which were not resolved by primary immunohistochemistry panel, the second panel was applied for further sub classification (Desmin, Chromogranin, CK20, CEA, CD20, CD30, HMB45, NSE). Based on interpretation of immunohistochemical findings final diagnoses were made.Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 22.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: A total of 35 undifferentiated tumorsof head-neck region were studied.The mean age was 46.3±17.6 years and male to female ratio was 4.8:1. The majority 13 (37.1%) patient had cervical lymphadenopathy, 11 (31.4%) had neck mass and 4(11.4%) had in nasal/sinonasal mass.Regarding histopathologicalcell types, round cell was 21 (60.0%), spindle cell 6 (17.1%), pleomorphic cells 6(17.1%) and epithelioid cells 2(5.7%). In initial histopathological examination, majority 25(71.4%) were undifferentiated malignant neoplasm, 8(22.8%) were metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma, 1(2.9%) was pleomorphic sarcoma and the remaining 1(2.9%) had malignant adnexal tumour. By application of immunohistochemistry, most (33, 94.3%) of the cases were resolved and the two cases remained unresolved. Among the resolved cases majority (15, 45.5%) were lymphoma, 4(12.1%) were metastatic carcinoma, 3(9.1%) were Ewing’s sarcoma and malignant melanoma were found in 3(9.1%) cases. Conclusion: This study supports that the immunohistochemical technique has a fundamental role in the investigation of undifferentiated tumour origin, to determine the correct guidance for treatment and improving the prognosis for head and neck tumour patients. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 48-53

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Metallothionein is a crucial protective factor againstHelicobacter pylori-induced gastric erosive lesions in a mouse model

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00251.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (4) ◽

pp. G877-G884 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Masaharu Mita ◽

Masahiko Satoh ◽

Akinori Shimada ◽

Mina Okajima ◽

Sadahiro Azuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Binding ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Gastric Injury ◽

Wild Type ◽

Inflammatory Protein ◽

Ros Scavenger ◽

H Pylori

Infection with the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. These diseases are associated with production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from infiltrated macrophages and neutrophiles in inflammatory sites. Metallothionein (MT) is a low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich protein that can act not only as a metal-binding protein, but also as a ROS scavenger. In the present study, we examined the role of MT in the protection against H. pylori-induced gastric injury using MT-null mice. Female MT-null and wild-type mice were challenged with H. pylori SS1 strain, and then histological changes were evaluated with the updated Sydney grading system at 17 and 21 wk after challenge. Although the colonization efficiency of H. pylori was essentially the same for MT-null and wild-type mice, the scores of activity of inflammatory cells were significantly higher in MT-null mice than in wild-type mice at 17 wk after challenge. Histopathological examination revealed erosive lesions accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells in the infected MT-null mice but not in wild-type mice. Furthermore, activation of NF-κB and expression of NF-κB-mediated chemokines such as macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and monocytes chemoattractant protein-1 in gastric cells were markedly higher in MT-null mice than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that MT in the gastric mucosa might play an important role in the protection against H. pylori-induced gastric ulceration.

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Potential role of cytomegalovirus in risk factor of breast cancer/strong

American Journal of BioMedicine ◽

10.18081/2333-5106/016-3/54-60 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Maitham Yousif

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Potential Role ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Breast Mass ◽

Cmv Infection ◽

Breast Examination ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Malignant Breast ◽

Cancer Clinic

It has been hypothesized that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be associated with many cancers in human. However, the role of CMV infection in breast cancer remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether CMV infection have a role in development of breast cancer. A 120 women presented to breast cancer clinic with breast mass. Full history from each woman was taken, full examination including breast examination and lymph-node. Blood was aspirated from each woman for detection of CMV IgG, IgM, tp53 and CA15-3 by ELISA. A 50 patients were documented to have breast cancer by histopathological examination. The study reveal that was heights level of CMV IgG and IgM among patients with malignant breast mass (12/50) and (8/50) respectively in other side the lowest level in benign tumor (6/50) and (2/50) respectively and high prevalence of CMV in breast cancer. In conclusion There is strong evidence suggest that CMV has an important role in the development of breast cancer.

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